摘要
江户时代知识人对于"家"的礼法认知,建基于朱子《家礼》.基于稳定幕藩体制和巩固身份等级制的需要,江户幕府"独尊"朱子学并奉其为"官学".知识分子在推进《家礼》日本化的过程中,重新解构以德川幕府为中心的武士集团政治,使其更加符合统治阶级和社会现实的需要.通过重建以"血缘"为集合的"家"单位秩序,借助幕藩制度,让"血缘集团"秩序作用于"家职国家"."孝悌"作为人伦日用之礼的核心主张,以孝亲来实现尊君,这与幕府体制下武士对藩主的"忠"不谋而合.为了使"忠"更好地在政治体制内发挥效用,德川幕府以"君臣之道"作为调整与武士阶级关系的伦理原则和经营"国家集团"的礼法准则.《家礼》的践行逻辑发生于"缘情制礼",是朱子学与幕藩体制相互适应、相互作用的结果.
Abstract
The knowledge of"family"in Edo period is based on Zhu Zi's"Family Rites".Based on the need to stabilize the shogunate system and consolidate the status hierarchy,the Edo shogunate"exclusive"Zhu Zi learning and regarded it as"official learning".In the process of promoting the Japanization of"Family Ceremony",intellectuals re-deconstruct-ed the politics of the samurai group centered on the Tokugawa shogunate and made it more in line with the needs of the ruling class and social reality.By rebuilding the order of"family"units with"blood ties"as a collection,with the help of curtain vassal system,the order of"blood ties group"can act on the"family state".The core idea of"filial piety"as a daily ritual of human relations is to honor the king by filial piety,which coincides with the samurai's"loyalty"to the Lord under the shogunate system.In order to make"loyalty"play a better role in the political system,the Tokugawa shogunate took"the way of the king and the minister"as the ethical principle to adjust the relationship with the samu-rai class and the code of etiquette to manage the"state group".The practice logic of"Family Rites"occurs in"making rites by virtue of affection",which is the result of mutual adaptation and interaction between Zhu Zixue and the system of curtain clan.
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