摘要
越南战争是冷战时期美国实施的代价最高昂的海外军事干预行动.为保障战争升级战略,约翰逊政府通过兵员征召政策和军人保障政策调动青年积极参军入伍.同时亦通过演讲、宣传册、新闻报道等途径,把美国描绘成"维护国家安全""维护国际秩序"和"捍卫自由"的斗士.上述举措在激发美国青年的爱国热情和参战热情,增进美国民众对越南战争政策心理认同的同时,也存在过度美化美国国家形象、夸大美国军事行动的正义性等问题.其所塑造的越南战争形象亦与真实的情况不符,尤其是当美军在越南的个人经历与其宣传话语发生冲突后,政府的战争宣传效果大打折扣,严重影响了美国政府与民众对战争的支持,导致约翰逊政府的战争升级战略难以为继.
Abstract
The Vietnam War was the costliest U.S.military intervention overseas during the Cold War.In order to safeguard the escalation strategy,the Johnson administration mobilized young people to enlist in the military through conscription and military security policies,and at the same time portrayed the United States as a champion of"national security,""international order,"and"defending freedom"through speeches,pamphlets,and news reports.While the initiatives stimulated the patriotic passion of American youth and their enthusiasm to participate in the war,and enhanced the American public's psychological recognition of the Vietnam War policy,there were also problems of over-glorification of the U.S.national image and exaggeration of the righteousness of U.S.military actions.When its image of the Viet-nam War did not correspond to the real situation,especially when the U.S.military's personal experience in Vietnam conflicted with its propaganda discourse,the effect of the government's propaganda on the war was greatly reduced,and seriously affected the support for the war by the U.S.government and the public,which made the Johnson admin-istration's strategy of escalating the war unsustainable.
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