拒绝交易行为的反垄断法调整方法——兼评关键设施理论的缺陷
The Adjustment Method of Antitrust Law to Refusal to Deal Act——Also on the Defects of Key Facility Rules
许光耀1
作者信息
摘要
支配企业从事拒绝交易行为,在一定条件下构成支配地位滥用行为.在具体条件的确定上,美国判例法上没有能够形成明确规则,其必需设施理论既不完整也不透彻.相比之下,欧盟的相关判例法更加成熟,并且与反垄断法的原理高度契合,因此应成为研究的主要对象.根据欧盟微软案判决所形成的判例法,支配企业的拒绝交易行为在同时满足以下要件时,应认定其非法,强制其进行交易:(1)所拒绝的产品是进入相邻市场从事有效竞争所必需;(2)拒绝行为会消除后一市场上的有效竞争;(3)拒绝行为没有合理理由;(4)如果拒绝的标的是一项知识产权,则须另外满足新产品要件,即拒绝行为会阻碍"具有潜在消费者需求的新产品"的出现.
Abstract
The dominant enterprise's refusal to trade constitutes the abuse of dominant position under certain conditions.In terms of the determination of specific conditions,there are no clear rules in the case law of the United States,and the theory of essential facilities is neither complete nor thorough.In contrast,the relevant case law of the European Union is highly mature and highly consistent with the principles of anti-monopoly law,so it should become the main object of reference.According to the case law formed by the judgment of the European Union Microsoft case,when the refusal to trade of the dominant enterprise meets the following requirements at the same time,it shall be deemed illegal and forced to trade:(1)the rejected products are necessary to enter the adjacent market for effective competition.(2)Refusal will eliminate effective competition in the latter market.(3)There is no reasonable grounds for the refusal.(4)If the object of rejection is an intellectual property right,the following new product requirements must be met,that is,the rejection will hinder the emergence of"new products with potential consumer demand".
关键词
反垄断法/拒绝交易/必需设施/支配地位滥用Key words
Anti-monopoly Law/Refusal to Trade/Essential Facilities/Abuse of Dominant Position引用本文复制引用
出版年
2022
NETL
NSTL
万方数据