首页|南海北部珊瑚群落结构特征及其对海洋热浪事件的响应

南海北部珊瑚群落结构特征及其对海洋热浪事件的响应

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全球变暖背景下,造礁石珊瑚大规模白化的频度和强度日益加大,其生存也面临严峻的危机.南海北部海域被认为是气候变暖背景下我国造礁石珊瑚生存的避难所.综合分析该海域珊瑚群落的空间格局、历史演变及其对夏季高温的响应,有利于深入认识我国造礁石珊瑚的适应性及相应的保护与养护.本研究于 2020年夏季对大亚湾、涠洲岛、徐闻和三亚鹿回头的珊瑚礁/珊瑚群落开展了较为全面的生态调查,并追踪了 2020 年海洋热浪的效应.结果显示,珊瑚群落的优势种组成、物种数量和α多样性指数呈现明显的区域差异,活珊瑚覆盖度在三亚鹿回头和大亚湾相对更高(分别为37.78%和17.97%);珊瑚白化率和白化死亡率在徐闻海域最高(84.78%和 10.68%),其次是涠洲岛海域(65.52%和 0.70%),大亚湾和三亚鹿回头海域均未监测到珊瑚白化.结合历史数据分析表明,南海北部海域珊瑚群落的活珊瑚覆盖度自1980年代以来发生大幅度下降,但近年来趋于稳定并呈现出恢复的态势;珊瑚群落结构演变上整体呈现出热耐受型物种和热中度适应型物种占比增加(大亚湾除外)的趋势.总体而言,目前南海北部海域的珊瑚群落对海洋热浪具有一定的抵抗能力,加强珊瑚礁区的保护和管理对于促进珊瑚群落的恢复和热敏感珊瑚物种避难所潜力的发挥至关重要.
Community structure of scleractinian corals in the northern South China Sea and their responses to the marine heatwaves
Coral communities in the northern South China Sea(SCS),which have the potential to act as regions of refugia for many coral species in the face of global warming.However,the temporal and spatial diversities of coral communities in the northern SCS and the effects of coral bleaching caused by marine heat waves are still unclear.In this study,the status of coral communities across the northern SCS,including the Daya Bay,the Weizhou Island,the Xuwen and Luhuitou fringing reefs,and the space differences are studied on the basis of ecological materials in the field investigations during August 2020,and its response to marine heatwaves.Our results indicate that coral communities across the northern SCS show remarkable regional characteristics.The dominant species composition,species number and α diversity index of coral communities are subject to significant regional differences,and the live coral cover is higher in the Luhuitou and Daya Bay(37.78%and 17.97%,respectively).Thus,the coral communities in Xuwen and Weizhou were subject to mass coral bleaching events during the field investigation,and the coral bleaching rate and mortality rate was 84.78%and 10.68%,65.52%and 0.70%in Xuwen and the Weizhou Island,respectively,while no coral bleaching occurred in the Daya Bay and Luhuitou.Based on historical data analysis,although the live coral cover of coral communities in the northern SCS has dropped significantly since 1980s,there has been a recovery trend in recent years;the proportion of heat bleaching tolerant genera and heat bleaching resistant genera increased in the coral communities of the Weizhou Island,Xuwen and Luhuitou.In general,the coral community in the northern SCS has a strong resistance to heat bleaching.Strengthening the conservation and management of coral reef areas is crucial for the restoration and refuge of coral communities in the northern SCS under global warming.

coral reefscleractinian coralspecies diversitycoral bleachingnorthern South China Sea

许莉佳、廖芝衡、陈辉、王永智、黄柏强、林巧云、甘健锋、杨静

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生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东 广州 510535

北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室(南宁师范大学),广西南宁 530001

广东省环境科学研究院,广东 广州 510045

珊瑚礁 珊瑚 物种多样性 珊瑚白化 南海北部

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金广州市科技计划中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项

4227736241806139202002030345PM-zx703-202105-176PM-zx703-202004-143

2024

10.11978/2023118

热带海洋学报
中国科学院南海海洋研究所

热带海洋学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.513
ISSN：1009-5470
年,卷(期)：2024.43(3)