为查明海南临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境因子,于 2023年 3月 18-23日对该区域开展造礁石珊瑚群落、底质类型、悬浮物沉降速率和水环境因子调查.结果显示:(1)本区域造礁石珊瑚共鉴定 13 科 24 属 42 种和7 未定种,其覆盖率均值为(18.05±10.53)%,集中分布在水深 1.0～2.5m;(2)造礁石珊瑚优势种以团块状或皮壳状生长型为主,死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率(>2 年)与活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率、Shannon多样性指数呈显著负相关,而 Shannon多样性指数与 Simpson优势度指数和 Pielou均匀度指数呈显著正相关,这表明伴随造礁石珊瑚的死亡,其覆盖率和物种多样性显著降低;(3)死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率与砂质底覆盖率呈显著正相关,而与 pH 呈显著负相关;Pielou 均匀度指数与溶解氧和悬浮物沉积物速率呈显著负相关性;水体浊度与光合有效辐射漫衰减系数 Kd-PAR(diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation)呈显著正相关,且其均值(3.81±1.10)NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit)已超过影响造礁石珊瑚生长的胁迫阈值(3NTU).这些结果表明,海底砂质覆盖率、悬浮物沉降速率、浊度、pH、溶解氧和 Kd-PAR等是影响该海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构的重要环境因子.综上,临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域是造礁石珊瑚分布热点之一,具有较高物种多样性和覆盖率.然而,该区域造礁石珊瑚垂直分布范围较窄,且正面临多重环境因子胁迫,需要采取有效措施进行及时保护.
Community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental impact factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao,Lingao,Hainan
To identify the community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao,Lingao,Hainan,a survey on the reef-building coral communities,substrate types,sediment accumulation rates and water environmental factors was conducted in the region from 18th to 23th March,2023.The results showed that:1)reef-building corals in the region were identified with 42 species in 24 genera of 13 families and 7 undetermined species,with a mean cover of(18.05±10.53)%,concentrated at water depths of 1.0～2.5m;2)the dominant species of reef-building corals were predominantly massive or encrusting growth types,and dead reef-building coral cover(>2 years old)was significantly negatively correlated with live reef-building coral cover and Shannon's diversity index,while Shannon's diversity index was significantly positively correlated with Simpson's dominance index and Pielou's evenness index,indicating that the death of reef-building corals was accompanied by a significant reduction in their cover and species diversity;3)dead reef-building coral cover was significantly positively correlated with sand cover and negatively correlated with pH;the Pielou's evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and sediment accumulation rates;water turbidity was significantly positively correlated with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation(Kd-PAR)and its mean value(3.81±1.10)NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit)already exceeded the stress threshold of 3NTU affecting the growth of reef-building corals.These results demonstrate that benthic sand cover,sedimentation rate,turbidity,pH,dissolved oxygen and Kd-PAR are important environmental factors affecting the structure of reef-building coral communities in this area.In summary,the coastal waters of Lingao Hongpai-Maniao is one of the hotspots for the distribution of reef-building corals,with high species diversity and cover.However,the vertical distribution of reef-building corals in this region is narrow and is under stress from multiple environmental factors,requiring effective measures for timely protection.
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