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优良山茶属植物杂交育种研究

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
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为培育出观赏价值高的山茶新品种，开展山茶属植物组内、组间的杂交育种研究，以金花茶组(Sect。Chrysantha Chang)、红山茶组[Sect。Camellia(L。)Dyer]、古茶组(Sect。Archecamellia Sealy)、油茶组(Sect。oleifera Chang)、离生雄蕊组(Sect。Corallina Sealy)、越南茶组[Sect。Piquatia(Pierre)Sealy]的部分种及品种共 14 个，设计 42 个杂交组合，其中组内杂交 8 个，组间杂交 24 个，正反交组合 10 个。结果表明:42 个组合共授粉 2016 朵，座果 274 个，座果率为13。6%，收获杂交果 72 个，结实率为 3。57%，种子 199 粒，获得杂交苗 104 株，出苗率为 52。26%。宛田红花油茶♀×广宁红花油茶♂获得的杂交苗数量最多，达 45 株，其次是广宁红花油茶♀×宛田红花油茶♂，得苗 14 株。多数杂交苗叶片大小、形状、光泽处于父母本的中间性状，远缘杂交获得的杂交幼苗表现出一些可以作为早期鉴别杂交苗真实性的特征;宛田红花油茶♀×广宁红花油茶♂、宛田红花油茶♀×越南抱茎茶♂、宛田红花油茶♀×普通金花茶♂组合的杂交亲和性较好，授粉数量分别为 32、30、53，结实率分别为 12。5%、10。0%、22。6%，授粉数量越多，结实率则越高，代表性更强。组内杂交、组外远缘杂交均显示宛田红花油茶和广宁红花油茶不论作为父本或母本开展杂交育种，可育性均较高，是优良的杂交亲本。越南抱茎茶不论作为父本或母本，与金花茶组植物杂交亲和性均较好。普通金花茶、香花油茶在作为父本可育性强，表明普通金花茶和香花油茶则适合作为杂交父本。
Hybrid Breeding of Excellent Camellia Plants
Crossbreeding research for Camellia species groups and intragroups was carried out to breed new varieties of Camellia with high ornamental value.A total of 14 species and varieties from Sect.Chrysantha Chang,Sect.Camellia(L.)Dyer,Sect.Archecamellia Sealy and Sect.oleifera Chang,Sect.Corallina Sealy were used to design 42 hybridiza-tion combinations,including 8 hybridization of species groups,24 intragroup hybridization and 10 reciprocal hybridiza-tion combinations.274 setting fruits from 2016 flowers pollinated in 42 combinations were observed,and the percentage of fruit setting rate was 13.6%.72 hybrid fruits were harvested,and the setting rate was 3.57%.104 hybrid seedlings were obtained from the 199 seeds harvested,and the seedling emergence percentage was 52.26%.The combination of C.polyodonta♀×C.semiserrata♂ had the highest number of hybrid seedlings,reaching 45,followed by C.semiser-rata♀×C.polyodonta♂ with 14 hybrid seedlings,C.polyodonta♀×C.amplexicaulis♂ with 13 hybrid seedlings.The size,shape and luster of the leaves of most hybrid seedlings were in the middle of the parents,and the hybrid seedlings ob-tained from distant hybridization often showed some characteristics that could be used as early identification of the au-thenticity of hybrid seedlings.The compatibility of C.polyodonta♀×C.semiserrata♂,C.polyodonta♀×C.amplexicau-lis♂,and C.polyodonta♀×Camellia chrysantha♂ hybrid combinations was good,with pollination numbers of 32,30,and 53,respectively,and seed setting rates of 12.5%,10.0%,and 22.6%,respectively.More pollination numbers led higher seed setting rate and stronger representativeness.C.polyodonta and C.semiserrata could be used as paternal or maternal to cross breeding,which showing a high reproduction in the inside group of hybridization and outside group of distant hybridization.C.polyodonta and C.semiserrata were good hybrid parents.whether C.amplexicaulis as paternal or maternal parent,there was good cross compatibility with Sect.C.chrysantha and C.osmantha were suitable as pa-ternal parents.

Camelliacrossbreedingfruit setting rateseed setting ratefertilityhybrid seedlings

韦晓娟、杨卓颖、张幸、武建云、伍思宇、梁晓静、林茂

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广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院/广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁 530002

山茶属 杂交育种 座果率 结实率 可育性 杂交苗

2025

10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.009

热带作物学报
中国热带作物学会

热带作物学报

北大核心
影响因子：0.807
ISSN：1000-2561
年,卷(期)：2025.46(1)