Compared with having one child,having a second child makes work-family conflict more intense for women.Having a second child will not only occupy women's leisure time and working time for raising a child,but also cause women to lose many job opportunities and may lead to losing their jobs.Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper analyzes the effects of having a second child on women's employment and working hours by using the method of event-study estimate.The results show that:having a second child makes female employment probability decrease obviously,but with the passage of time,the negative effect decreases.Having a second child has a negative effect on the working hours of women with low education,but has no significant effect on the working hours of women with high education.Compared with having one child,women are not willing to pay more employment opportunity cost for having a second child,but their working hours are reduced more.The negative effect of having a second child on older women may last longer.With the increase of work flexibility,the negative impact of having a second child on women's working time is enhanced,while the negative impact on their employment is weakened.Therefore,the government can reserve jobs and improve the flexibility of working hours for woman to reduce the risk of unemployment caused by having a second child;By providing employment services to accelerate the return of unemployed women who have dropped out of the labor market to raise children,reduce the duration of the negative impact of having a second child on female employment;Through strengthening social publicity and guidance,balance the division of child care within the family,reduce the burden of female child care;By strengthening fertility protection services to encourage women who want to have a second child to give birth as early as possible.These measures all help to reduce the negative impact of childbirth on women's employment,and promote the physical and mental health of women who give birth.
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