首页|家庭教养方式、亲子关系与青少年社会心理发展

家庭教养方式、亲子关系与青少年社会心理发展

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维护青少年社会心理健康发展是提高青少年综合素质的重要保障,是人口高质量发展的基础和前提.家庭是青少年社会化的起点,家庭教养方式对促进青少年社会心理发展起重要作用.本文基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据实证分析不同家庭教养方式对青少年社会心理发展的影响及亲子关系的作用机制,采取倾向得分匹配法和替换核心解释变量法等验证实证研究结果的稳健性,并使用Bootstrap法检验影响机制的稳健性.研究结果表明家庭教养方式显著影响青少年社会心理健康发展.与忽视型教养方式相比,权威型教养方式促进青少年自我效能感、尽责性、宜人性、外向性、开放性、情绪稳定性和集体融入感的积极发展,且优于放任型教养方式;而专制型教养方式不利于青少年社会心理发展.家庭教养方式通过影响亲子关系间接影响青少年社会心理发展.权威型教养方式使亲子冲突的发生率降低,并增加青少年对家长的信任度和依赖度,从而促进社会心理发展.放任型教养方式对改善亲子关系并正向影响青少年社会心理发展的效果不如权威型.专制型教养方式容易引起亲子冲突,并使青少年削减对家长的信任与依赖,不利于其社会心理健康发展.权威型教养方式对女孩、乡村、10~12岁青少年社会心理发展效果更佳;专制型教养方式对10~12岁青少年社会心理发展负面效果更明显;放任型教养方式对男孩社会心理发展的促进效果更显著.选择合理的家庭教养方式、建立高质量亲子关系是促进青少年社会心理健康发展的重要途径.家长应树立正确的家教观和育儿观,通过陪伴、互动和交流建立亲子间信任桥梁,要设定明确的教育期望和行为界限;要不断学习新的育儿技巧、接受先进的育儿理念,顺应时代背景适当调整教养策略以满足孩子的成长需求,根据孩子的个体特点和家庭环境综合考虑适宜的教养方式,从而促进孩子全面发展.要多部门联合、医教体融合、家校社协同,共同促进青少年社会心理积极发展.
Family Parenting Styles,Parent-Child Relationships and Adolescent Psychosocial Development
The high-quality development of adolescents is foundational to the overall high-quality develop-ment of the population.Enhancing adolescent health serves as a critical measure to support this goal,with social and psychological well-being,as an essential aspect of health,warranting particular attention.Families,as the primary environment for adolescent socialization,play a pivotal role in shaping their social and psychological development,with parenting styles being a key determinant.Using data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study conducts an empirical analysis of the effects of various parenting styles on adolescents'social and psychological development and investigates the mediating role of parent-child relationships.The robustness of the findings is verified through propensity score matching and substitution of core explanatory variables,while the stability of the mediating mechanisms is tested using the Bootstrap method.The results demonstrate that parenting styles significantly affect adolescents' social and psychological development.Compared with neglectful parenting,authoritative parenting promotes positive development in adolescents' self-efficacy,conscientiousness,agreeableness,extraversion,open-ness,emotional stability,and sense of group belonging.Authoritative parenting also outperforms permissive parenting in fostering these traits.Conversely,authoritarian parenting is detrimental to adolescents' social and psychological development.Parenting styles influence adolescents'social and psychological well-being indirectly through their impact on parent-child relationships.Authoritative parenting reduces the frequency of parent-child conflict,increases adolescents' trust in and dependence on their parents,and enhances their social and psychological development.However,the capacity of permissive parenting to improve parent-child relationships and foster adolescents'social and psychological well-being is less effective than that of authoritative parenting.In contrast,authoritarian parenting styles often lead to increased parent-child conflicts,diminished trust and dependence on parents,and hindered social and psychological health.Subgroup analysis reveals that authoritative parenting has the most pronounced positive effects on the social and psychological development of girls,rural adolescents,and those aged 10-12 years.Authoritarian parenting has a particularly negative impact on adolescents aged 10-12 years,while permissive parenting demonstrates stronger positive effects on boys' social and psychological development.These findings highlight the critical role of selecting appropriate parenting styles and establishing high-quality parent-child relationships in promoting the social and psychological health of adolescents.Therefore,parents should establish correct view of family education and parenting,build a bridge of trust between parents and children through companionship,interaction,and communication,and set clear educational expectations and behavioral boundaries.They need to continuously learn new parenting skills,embrace advanced parent-ing philosophy,and adjust parenting strategies appropriately to meet the growth needs of their children in line with contemporary contexts.They should also consider suitable parenting methods for their children based on the individual characteristics of their children and family environment,thereby promoting their children's holistic development.Multi-department collaboration,integration of medical,educational,and sports resources,as well as cooperation between home,school,and society are essential to jointly promote the positive development of adolescents'psychosocial well-being.

AdolescentsParenting StylesParent-Child RelationshipsPsychosocial Development

杨雪、宋佳殷

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吉林大学 东北亚研究中心

吉林大学 东北亚学院,吉林 长春 130012

青少年 家庭教养方式 亲子关系 社会心理发展

2025

人口学刊
吉林大学

人口学刊

北大核心
影响因子:2.307
ISSN:1004-129X
年,卷(期):2025.47(1)