首页|早年贫困经历降低了老年消费福祉吗?

早年贫困经历降低了老年消费福祉吗?

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在老年人口规模和比重持续攀升的背景下,发展银发经济既是积极应对人口老龄化的客观要求,也是实施扩大内需战略的重要举措.文章使用CHARLS2014年中国居民生命历程调查和2018年追踪调查数据实证检验早年贫困经历对老年人消费的影响.文章基于生命历程理论,发现早年贫困经历不仅显著降低了老年人的消费水平,还抑制了消费结构升级;该结论经过内生性问题处理后仍然成立.研究基于劣势累积理论发现早年贫困经历对老年人消费会产生三重劣势累积效应,即通过塑造节俭型消费习惯,降低认知能力以及弱化健康水平,使老年人消费降低.由于个体向上社会流动以及积极良性的社会互动可以缓解早年贫困经历的劣势累积过程,文章关注家庭社会资本与互联网应用可能产生的积极影响,发现家庭社会资本会弱化早年贫困经历对老年人消费的不利影响并提升消费;但是受到数字鸿沟的影响,互联网使用没有对老年人消费产生显著的促进效应.此外,异质性分析发现早年不同类型的贫困经历对老年人消费的影响存在显著差异,健康和经济贫困经历对消费的负向影响显著,但是食物贫困经历的影响不明显,这意味着早年的健康贫困经历和经济贫困经历存在显著的劣势累积效应,从而对消费水平产生抑制作用.文章的政策启示是:发展银发经济要充分认识生命历程中早年贫困经历对老年人消费产生的影响,在家庭层面应积极构建社会资本培育体系,扩大家庭的社会网络;在社区层面应开展提升老年人认知能力和数字素养等方面的培训活动,增强消费能力;在政府层面要优化老年健康服务和社会保障政策,削弱储蓄动机;通过家庭、社区、政府共建体系降低早年贫困经历的劣势累积效应.未来公共老龄政策服务体系要以覆盖全人口从童年、成年以及老年整个生命周期的视角切入,兼顾不同生命周期阶段人群的差异性需求,以政策干预的方式打破劣势累积过程,增进老年人福祉.
Does the Early Poverty Experience Reduce Elderly's Consumption?
With the continuous increase in the scale and proportion of the elderly population,developing the silver economy is not only an objective requirement for actively responding to population aging but also a crucial measure for expanding domestic demand.Based on the data from the CHARLS 2014 Chinese Resident Life Course Survey and 2018 survey,this paper empirically examines the impact of early poverty experience on the consumption of the elderly.The results show that according to life course theory,early poverty experience not only significantly reduces the consumption level of the elderly but also restrains the upgrading of the consumption structure.This conclusion still holds after addressing endogenous issues.Based on cumulative disadvantage theory,the study indicates that early poverty experience has a triple cumulative disadvantage effect on the consumption of the elderly.That is,by shaping thrifty consumption habits,reducing cognitive ability and deteriorating health conditions,the consumption of the elderly is reduced.Since individual upward social mobility and positive interaction with others can alleviate the cumulative disadvantage effects caused by early poverty experience,this paper focuses on the possible positive impacts of family social capital and Internet applications.The study reveals that family social capi-tal can mitigate the negative impact of early poverty experience on the consumption of the elderly.However,due to the digital divide,Internet applications does not significantly promote the consumption of the elderly.In addition,in the heterogeneity analysis sections,the impacts of different types of poverty experience in early years on consumption are significatly different.The negative impacts of health and economic poverty experience on consumption are significant,but the impact of food poverty experience is negligible.This means that the health and economic poverty experience in early years has a significant cumulative disad-vantage effect,thus inhibiting the consumption level.The results of this paper not only enrich the findings of the impact of early experience on the elderly but also broaden the research perspective of elderly con-sumption,providing policy implications for the high-quality development of the silver economy.The policy implication is that the development of the silver economy should fully recognize the impact of early poverty experience on the consumption of the elderly in the life course.At the family level,build a social capital cultivation system to expand the social network of the family;at the community level,organize training activities to improve the cognitive ability and digital literacy of the elderly to spur consumption;at the government level,optimize elderly health services and social security policies to weaken the savings motive;reduce the cumulative disadvantage effect of early-life poverty experiences through a co-construction system of the family,community,and government.In the future,the public aging policy service system should be established from the perspective of covering the entire life cycle of childhood,adulthood and old age for the whole population.It should take into account the specific needs of people at different life cycle stages and break the cumulative disadvantage process through policy intervention,ultimately enhancing the well-being of the elderly.

Early ExperienceFamily Social CapitalElderly's ConsumptionSilver Economy

盛亦男、张猛、陶涛

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首都经济贸易大学 劳动经济学院,北京 100070

中国人民大学 人口与发展研究中心,北京 100872

早年经历 家庭社会资本 老年消费 银发经济

2025

人口学刊
吉林大学

人口学刊

北大核心
影响因子:2.307
ISSN:1004-129X
年,卷(期):2025.47(1)