Have the Main Sources of Residents'Income Gap Changed?:Calculation Based on the Decomposition of Urban-rural Dual Structure
How to narrow the income gap and achieve common prosperity of mankind has become the focus of the majority of scholars.In the existing research,how to measure the income gap among residents is the key to analyze the issue of income gap.With more and more rural populations entering cities,has the main source of income gap among residents shifted from the past urban-rural income gap?In view of this,this article uses the method of distribution function aggregation to theoretically decompose the Gini coefficient into groups of rural and urban areas.The Gini coefficient is obtained by four parts:rural Gini coefficient,urban Gini coefficient,urban-rural Gini coefficient,the residual term.This article uses income grouping data of rural and urban areas from 2005 to 2021 to calculate the Gini coefficient of each part and its contribution to the income gap among residents.Based on the contribution of each part,the main sources of income gap among residents in each period are determined.The main results show that before 2012,the income gap of Chinese residents mainly came from the gap between urban and rural areas,while after 2012,the income gap mainly came from the gap within urban areas,whose proportion is constantly expanding with the increase of urban population.Moreover,the inequality of wage income is the main reason for the widening of income gap among urban residents.This article also proposes corresponding policy recommendations based on the conclusion.On the one hand,the government needs to formulate policies to reduce the inequality of wage income,such as deepening the reform of the wage system,strengthening the dual regulation of the total wages and wage levels in some industries,and narrowing the wage gap among urban residents.On the other hand,the government should strengthen the policy bias of low-income people's transfer income and perfect the adjustment mechanism of redistribution.
residents'income gapmain sourceGini coefficientwage income
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