Gender Differences of the Impact of Education on Fertility Intentions and Its Mechanisms
Education has always been a factor that has received much attention for influencing fertility.However,the relevant literature has often neglected to examine the relationship between education and fertility among men,whereas men play an equally important role in fertility.So are there gender differences in the relationship between education and fertility intentions?This paper explores the impact of education on fertility intentions and the gender differences therein by applying the Oprobit model,instrumental variable method,etc.,using CGSS data for 2015,2017,2018 and 2021.The study found that education has a significantly negative impact on fertility intentions,and the negative impact on fertility intentions of women is greater than that of men.Marginal effect analysis shows that for each desired number of children,the marginal effect of education among men is lower than that among women.And the marginal effect of education differs most between men and women at the level of willingness to have two children.Mechanism analysis shows that the returns to education,gender concepts and the concept of raising children for old age are important reasons for the gender differences in the relationship between education and fertility intentions.In addition,the study also finds that education has a greater impact on women's fertility intentions than men's in the groups of agricultural household registration,low and medium household income level and low and medium social class identity.This gender difference is not significant in the groups of urban household registration,high household income level and high social class identity.Finally,based on the findings,the article discusses the implications for reality and puts forward targeted opinions on the gender differences in the relationship between education and fertility intentions.
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