首页|我国居家养老与机构养老的协同持续发展研究

我国居家养老与机构养老的协同持续发展研究

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基于对2000、2010、2020 年全国人口普查微观数据的实证研究,发现我国近20 年来机构养老的老人数占老人总数的百分比大幅提高,而且城镇的增长幅度远大于农村.基于"中国老年健康和家庭幸福调查"数据分析,我们发现机构养老的老人多为生活不能自理、80 岁及以上高龄、男性、居住地城镇、教育水平较高、没有配偶和/或没有存活子女.应用ProFamy多维家庭人口预测方法及软件的家庭人口预测表明,无论低、中、高方案,我国今后几十年的机构养老需求都将大幅度增长.例如,在机构养老中方案下,2060 年居住在养老机构的 65-79 岁较年轻老人数和 80 岁及以上高龄老人数分别等于2020 年的 3.7 倍和 12.2 倍.因此,建议政府部门和企业管理机构尽快努力实现居家养老与机构养老协同持续发展.
Research on Coordinated and Sustainable Development of Home-based Cares and Residential Cares for Elderly in China
Based on empirical analyses on micro-datasets of the Chinese censuses conducted in 2000,2010 and 2020,present study found huge increase in percentages of urban and rural older adults who live in residential care facilities in China in the past two decades,and the increase in urban areas were much larger and faster than that in the rural areas.Our investigations through analyzing Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 1998-2022 datasets indicated that those older adults living in residential care facilities were more likely disabled,oldest-old,males,urban residents,better educated,without spouse and/or having no surviving child(ren).Employing the ProFamy cohort-component method,our low,medium and high scenarios of projections on numbers of older adults living in residential care facilities in 2020-2060 demonstrated the surging demands of institutional long-term care for older adults.For example,the numbers of young-old aged 65-79 and oldest-old aged 80+living in residential care facilities in 2060 will be 3.7 times and 12.2 times as high as that in 2020,respectively,under the medium scenario.Therefore,we propose that government and managements of enterprises need to do the very best to realize the coordinated and sustainable development for both home-based care services and residential care services.

home-based elderly careinstitutional elderly carecollaborative sustainable developmenthealthy agingfamily population forecast

曾毅、冯秋石、王正联

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北京大学 国家发展研究院,北京 100871

杜克大学 老龄与人类发展研究中心/老年医学部,美国 达勒姆 27710

新加坡国立大学 家庭与人口研究中心,新加坡 117570

中国人口与发展研究中心,北京 100081

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居家养老 机构养老 协同持续发展 健康老龄化 家庭人口预测

北京泰康溢彩公益基金会资助项目

2024

人口与经济
首都经济贸易大学

人口与经济

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.196
ISSN:1000-4149
年,卷(期):2024.(5)
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