Disability Trends and Health Promotion Strategies of the Elderly in China:Based on the Age-Period-Cohort Model
With the intensification of the aging problem in China,the health needs of the elderly population have shifted from simply extending life expectancy to pursuing high-quality and healthy longevity.Based on the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),this study adopted the Stratified APC Cross Classification Random Effects Model(HAPC)to deeply analyze the changing trends of the degree of disability in elderly people in China with age,period and cohort;meanwhile,it explored the impact of medical security reform and social participation on the degree of disability in elderly people.The results showed that the degree of disability in elderly people increased with age,and the period effect was significant,indicating that although medical security reform improved the accessibility and survival rate of elderly people,it also led to an increase in the average degree of disability,which was more pronounced in women,western and eastern regions,rural areas,and home-based elderly groups.From the perspective of age effect,men,western regions,urban areas,and home-based elderly people had a greater risk of disability.In addition,social participation had a positive effect on improving the degree of disability in elderly people,especially the social participation started at a younger age has a more significant effect on delaying the increase of the degree of disability with age.This positive impact was prevalent among elderly groups of different regions,residence areas and others.Therefore,this study proposes that in order to achieve the goal of healthy aging,the strategy should be shifted from"ensuring basic needs"to"promoting health",which could improve the health service system for the whole life cycle of elderly people,and enhance the quality of health education,preventive care and other whole-process services.At the same time,the elderly should be encouraged to actively participate in society and explore elderly-oriented participation spaces in culture and education,leisure and entertainment,volunteer service,jointly building a healthy and active aging society.
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