In the early 1960s,the shallow groundwater level in the piedmont plain of Handan had been decreased significantly,the falling funnel had been formed,and the groundwater flow field had evolved violently.The evolution process of shallow groundwater flow field in Han-dan piedmont plain was analyzed by using the theoretical methods of time series analysis,correlation analysis and water balance,and the contribution rate of various influencing factors to the evolution of groundwater flow field between 1981 and 2019 was calculated.The results show that before 1960,the shallow groundwater flow field in Handan piedmont plain is mainly driven by natural factors.After 1960,the driv-ing force of the evolution of groundwater flow field evolves from natural factors to human and natural factors,and the source and sink terms of groundwater are also changed gradually.The contribution rate of discharge term to the evolution of groundwater flow field is greater than that of recharge term.Precipitation infiltration and groundwater exploitation are always the main driving forces of the evolution of shallow groundw-ater flow field.From 1981 to 2000,the contribution rate of precipitation infiltration recharge and exploitation to the evolution of shallow groundwater flow field is 80.82%;From 2001 to 2019,the contribution rate of precipitation infiltration recharge and exploitation to the evolu-tion of shallow groundwater flow field is 75.79%.The driving forces of shallow groundwater flow field evolution tend to be diversified.
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