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硬质黏土淹没射流冲刷试验研究

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近年来自吸式管道排沙系统以其省水、高效、廉价等优势,逐渐成为水库清淤的主要措施之一,然而在遇到土颗粒较细、淤积历时较长的硬质黏土时,它的清淤效果下降明显.为了探究硬质黏土的破土机制和起动影响因素,采用模型试验的方法,选取一种黏性泥沙,通过负压固结的方式制备硬质黏土样,然后进行了不同出口流速、喷嘴尺寸和射流靶距的直立淹没射流试验.试验结果表明,鉴于土样存在黏性,其受冲刷破土机制与无黏性土存在较大差异,冲坑发育过程存在一定的随机性和自相似性,并且射流冲刷效率与射流出口流速和喷嘴尺寸成正比、与射流靶距成反比,同时射流靶距对冲刷坑形态的影响最为明显.
Experimental Study on Submerged Jet Erosion of Hard Clay
In recent years,with the advantages of water saving,high efficiency and low cost,the self-suction dredging pipeline has gradually become one of the main measures for reservoir dredging projects.However,when the soil particles are fine and the silt has been deposited for a long time,its dredging effect decreases obviously.In order to explore the mechanism of breaking soil and influencing factors of sediment in-cipience,model test method was adopted in this paper.A cohesive sediment sample was prepared by negative pressure consolidation,and then the vertical submerged jet experiment with different jet velocity,jet spray nozzle size and jet target distance was carried out.The experi-mental results show that the erosion breaking mechanism of the cohesive soil sample is quite different from that of the non-cohesive soil due to the existence of viscosity.The development process of the scour hole has certain randomness and self-similarity.The erosion efficiency of the jet flow is proportional to the jet velocity and the Jet spray nozzle size,and inversely proportional to the jet standoff distance.At the same time,the jet target distance has the most obvious influence to the shape of scour holes.

reservoir dredging projecthard clayjet scouringjet velocityjet spray nozzle sizejet standoff distance

潘振东、赵荥、王仲梅、张文皎、张世宝

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华北水利水电大学 水利学院,河南 郑州 450045

黄河水利委员会 黄河水利科学研究院,河南 郑州 450003

水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南 郑州 450003

河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,河南 郑州 450003

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水库清淤工程 硬质黏土 射流冲刷 出口流速 喷嘴尺寸 射流靶距

国家自然科学基金资助项目中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金专项河南省重大公益专项

52209090HKY-JBYW-2021-09黄科发202106201300311600

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2024.02.026

人民黄河
水利部黄河水利委员会

人民黄河

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.494
ISSN：1000-1379
年,卷(期)：2024.46(2)
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