黄河宁蒙河段凌情灾害成因分析及防御措施研究
Research on the Causes and Defensive Measures of Ice-Flood Disasters in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River
马莅茗 1卞昱霖 2蔺冬1
作者信息
- 1. 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450003;水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),河南 郑州 450003
- 2. 东北农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150038
- 折叠
摘要
随着经济社会的高速发展,对黄河的防凌安全提出了更高的要求,研究凌情灾害成因及防御措施变化显得尤为重要.通过分析,影响宁蒙河段凌情变化的因素主要包括热力条件、水动力条件和河道边界条件.通过梳理 1989 年以来宁蒙河段典型凌灾情况,发现造成冰凌灾害的严重凌情多受剧烈天气过程、河道流量变化、复杂河道条件等因素影响.为避免宁蒙河段凌汛灾害,针对热力因素,应及早开展凌汛期气温凌情预报工作;针对水动力因素,应优化凌汛期水库群和分凌工程联合调度;针对河道边界条件,应提前拆除临时阻水建筑物,保证河道畅通,协调空军部队在险情发生时及时轰炸破冰,并加快黑山峡水利枢纽建设,恢复和长期维持较大的中水河槽过流能力,为宁蒙河段防凌防洪提供基本条件.
Abstract
With the rapid development of economy and society,higher requirements are put forward for the safety of the Yellow River's ice-flood control,and it is particularly important to study the causes and defensive measures of ice-flood disasters.Through the analysis,the fac-tors affecting the change of ice-flood conditions in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River mainly include thermal conditions,hydrodynamic conditions and channel boundary conditions.By reviewing the typical ice disasters in the reach since 1989,it is found that the severe ice-flood disasters are mostly affected by factors such as severe weather processes,changes in river flow and complex channel condi-tions.In order to avoid ice-flood disasters in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River,the thermal factors should be carried out as soon as possible to forecast the temperature and ice conditions during the ice flood season;For the hydrodynamic factors,the joint opera-tion of reservoir group and ice-diversion project should be optimized during the flood season;For the channel boundary conditions,temporary water blocking buildings should be demolished in advance,coordinate the air force in advance to bomb and break the ice in time when danger-ous situations occur,and speed up the construction of the Heishanxia Water Control Project to restore and maintain the larger normal channel flow capacity for a long time,and provide basic conditions for Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River to prevent flood and ice-flood.
关键词
凌情灾害/凌情影响因素/灾害成因/防御措施/黄河宁蒙河段Key words
ice-flood disasters/influencing factors of ice-flood control/the causes of ice-flood disasters/defensive measures of ice-flood dis-asters/Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River引用本文复制引用
基金项目
黄委优秀青年人才科技项目(HQK-202319)
黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司企业自主研究开发项目(2021KY043)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3202505)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据