Study on the Coupling and Coordination of Water Resources,Economy,Ecology and Society in Urban Agglomerations Along the Yellow River
Given the significant interconnections among water resources,economy,ecology,and society,urban agglomerations play a crucial role in driving regional development.In order to provide references for the implementation of strategies for ecological protection and high-qual-ity development in the Yellow River Basin,an evaluation indicator system was established across four dimensions of water resources,econo-my,ecology,and society.Utilizing panel data from 2011 to 2020,methods such as the entropy method,coefficient of variation,coupling co-ordination degree model,and kernel density model were employed to analyze the coupling and coordination status of water resources,econo-my,ecology,and society in seven urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.Furthermore,the gravitational model was used to explore the coupling coordination and interconnection strengths among these urban agglomerations.The findings reveal that a)the overall coupling and coordination degree among the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River is on an upward trend,yet,by the end of the study period,the level of coupling coordination generally remains low.The Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration is at a primary coordination level,the Lanxi urban agglomeration and the Ningxia along the Yellow River urban agglomeration are on the verge of disorder,and the other urban ag-glomerations are barely coordinated.b)There are significant differences in the coupling and coordination degrees among the urban agglomera-tions,presenting a pattern of downstream urban agglomerations＞midstream urban agglomerations＞upstream urban agglomerations,with some showing polarization or multipolarization tendencies.c)The majority of cities within the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River exhibit weak coupling and coordination connectivity,with only a few cities showing mild or above levels of coordination connectivity.The in-tercity connections across urban agglomerations are mostly of mild connectivity,with a few being highly connected.d)Although the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration has a relatively higher level of coupling and coordination,it is insufficient to drive high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.Similarly,the core cities within each urban agglomeration have relatively higher levels of coupling and coordination but are inadequate to promote coordinated development among the urban agglomerations along the Yellow River.It puts forward targeted sug-gestions were made,including the development of urban agglomerations according to their own advantages,strengthening cooperation and connections between urban agglomerations,and fully leveraging the excellent port advantages of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and the"relay station"role of the central plains urban agglomeration.
water resourceseconomyecologysocietycoupling and coordinationhigh-quality developmenturban agglomerations along the Yellow River
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