Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Composite Substrates of Mushroom Residue and Its Effect on Cucumber Seedling Growth
In order to realize the effective utilization of agricultural waste resources and find out the more suitable composite substrate formula for raising cucumber seedlings,woody mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were used as the main substrate materials compounded by different volumes,and the raising seedlings experiment of cucumber were carried out.The effects of mushroom residue extraction solution and peat extraction solution on the germination of cucumber seeds,the physicochemical properties of composite substrates with different proportions of mushroom residue,peat,vermiculite and perlite and their effects on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings were analyzed.The quality of cucumber seedlings cultivated with each substrate was comprehensively evaluated by using the method of fuzzy mathematics membership function.The results showed that mushroom residue and peat had no adverse effects on the germination of cucumber,which could be used as substrate for raising cucumber seedlings,whose the germination rate,germination index and vigor index were all not significantly different from the control.The physicochemical properties of the composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were better than those of the composite substrates of mushroom residue and perlite,and the quality of the cucumber seedlings cultivated by the composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite was better than that of the substrates of mushroom residue and perlite.The physicochemical properties of the composite substrate(T6)with volume ratio 2∶1∶1 of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were better than those of the two controls and other composite substrates,with 0.334 g/cm3 of bulk density,70.67%of total porosity,23.74%of aeration porosity,46.93%of water-holding porosity,1∶2.0 of gas-water ratio,1.709 mS/cm of EC value,7.19 of pH value,which was more suitable for raising seedlings.The emergence rate of cucumber seedlings treated with T6 was higher with 96.7%,and there were no significant differences with two controls,and the stem diameter,above-ground fresh weight,underground fresh weight,underground dry weight,leaf area,relative chlorophyll content and strong seedling index of cucumber seedlings were the best among the treatments of composite substrate,which were 4.07 mm,5.453 g per plant,1.251 g per plant,0.046 5 g per plant,9.40 cm2,39.6 and 0.218,respectively,and were all significantly higher than those of the two controls,while the above-ground dry weight and total root length were higher,which were 0.501 g per plant and 540.2 mm,respectively,and had no significant differences with the two controls.Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators by the method of membership function,the total average value of membership function of T6 was 0.76,which indicated that the quality of cucumber seedlings was the best.Mushroom residue was not suitable for seedling substrate alone,and the quality of cucumber seedlings cultivated by whole mushroom residue treatment was the worst.In summary,the mushroom residue was not suitable for seedling substrate alone.Composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were more suitable for raising cucumber seedlings than those of mushroom residue and perlite,and substrates with volume ratio 2∶1∶1 of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite had the best effect.
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