摘要
作为社会主义文艺的一张"名片",《白毛女》跨文化传播与接受的意义也溢出该作品本身,影响到海外对社会主义文艺的整体印象.通过提取、分析英语世界中有关《白毛女》的评论与中国学界意见参差不齐之处,可以辨析《白毛女》跨文化传播过程中意义演变的纹理.当《白毛女》跨越文化之"际"时,时事空间、文化空间和意义空间赋予了跨"际"形式不同的"空间化"的意义.在解放战争期间,西方观者是在时事空间中观看作品,通过戏剧事件了解时局.而在和平时期,文化空间超越时事空间成为影响意义生成的主要因素.解读者热衷于追寻特殊形式的地域意义.而在纵向时间轴和横向空间轴上影响更深远的是意义空间.妇女解放即是在更大程度上助力《白毛女》跨国接受的意义空间.
Abstract
As a signature of socialist literature and art,the signification of the cross-cultural dissemination and reception of The White-haired Girl went beyond the work itself and helped shape the overall impression of socialist literature and art,and even of socialism,outside China.Although reviews in the English-speaking world basically recognized The White-haired Girl as a masterpiece,its reception among Western audience was not completely consistent with that of Chinese audience.This article extracts and analyzes the differences between the reviews of The White-haired Girl in the English-speaking world and the opinions of the Chinese academic circle to discern the nuances in the evolution of its meaning during its cross-cultural dissemination.When The White-haired Girl crossed culturally boundaries,the audience's view also became spatialized.The space of the contemporary events,cultural space and meaning space endowed the cross-boundary forms different"spatialized"meanings.During the War of Liberation,western audience viewed the work within the space of the contemporary events,understanding the situation of that time through theatrical events.The western audience's spatialized viewing of the work contained at least four perspectives:viewing the performance,viewing the audience,viewing the environment and viewing themselves.After the war,the connection between the content of the work and social events loosened,and more criticism focused on the artistic forms that provided a"sense of astonishment."Interpreters were keen to pursue the regional significance of special forms.This was especially reflected in the comments on the new opera and the ballet,the two most innovative artistic forms of The White-haired Girl.The cultural space had surpassed the space of social events to become the main factor influencing the generation of meaning.Compared with the rapid changing space of social events and infinitely diverse cultural space,the meaning space had a certain stability and a more profound influence on the vertical axis of time and the horizontal axis of space.The White-haired Girl provides a combination of three discourses:women's emancipation,resistance against foreign aggression and class struggle,but the effect of international dissemination of these three discourses was decreasing.The most universal discourse was women's emancipation.The White-haired Girl,as an official image of woman in revolutionary China,became an international icon of"emancipated women."Women's emancipation was the most powerful space of meaning driving the international dissemination of The White-haired Girl.When The White-haired Girl crossed cultural boundaries,it underwent a process of deterritorialization from the Chinese context and then a process of reterritorialization in the global political-cultural context.Yan'an Literature and Art represented by The White-haired Girl left Western audience an impression of"astonishing forms"and"shocking content,"transforming the Western impression of a"barbaric China"to a"civilized China".
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