摘要
西康省成立于1939 年1 月1 日,省会康定.全省分为康属、宁属、雅属三个区域.三属的自然条件、人文环境各不相同,新闻事业各具特色.康属即今四川省甘孜藏族自治州,全境处于青藏高原,居民主要是藏族,信奉喇嘛教,宗教氛围浓厚,居住分散,生活贫困而封闭.属内实行政教合一的管理体制,喇嘛、头人是当地的统治者.在这样的社会里,人与人缺乏交流沟通,主客观都不具备产生新闻事业的条件.但康属在建省前后到 1949 年,却创办了 55 种报刊,发展出具有相当规模的新闻事业队伍和读者群,突显出其新闻事业产生、发展的个性.
Abstract
Xikang Province was established on January 1,1939,with Kangding as its capital.The province was divided into three regions:Kangshu,Ningshu,and Yashu.These three regions differed significantly in their natural conditions and cultural environments,each developing distinct characteristics in their news industries.Kangshu,corresponding to today's Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province,is located entirely on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Its residents are primarily Tibetan,who follow Tibetan Buddhism.The region had a strong religious atmosphere,with its population living scattered,impoverished,and isolated lives.A theocratic system of governance prevailed in the area,with lamas and tribal leaders serving as local rulers.In such a society,there was little communication between people,and both subjective and objective conditions for developing a news industry were lacking.Historically,Sichuan witnessed numerous wars,which inevitably affected the Kangshu area.The Qing government launched several military campaigns to suppress rebellions in Sichuan,leading to population decline and land desolation.The government thus encouraged migration to Sichuan from other provinces,leading to the influx of migrants from Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Guangxi and other provinces.Some Qing soldiers who entered Sichuan chose to stay after the wars.While wars caused destruction,they also facilitated extensive communication and integration.Foreign missionaries entered Sichuan in the early and middle Qing period,introducing new ideas and broadening the horizons of Kangding's isolated population.During the Republic of China era,the National Revolutionary Army governed Sichuan,further breaking the stagnation and isolation of Kangshu society.When the War against Japanese Aggression broke out in 1937,propaganda activities to mobilize national resistance became unprecedentedly active,even reaching the border areas.Local people's enthusiasm for national affairs surged.With the Nationalist government relocating from Nanjing to the wartime capital Chongqing(then part of Sichuan),many organizations and individuals moved to Sichuan,including renowned figures,scholars,and intellectual youth who came to Chengdu and Kangding.From 1939 when Xikang Province was established,Kangding experienced a population boom,becoming a military-political hub and a cultural center.The rapid development of the city accumulated abundant information sources and the number of news readers increased,creating the material conditions and talent needed for information dissemination,inevitably fostering the rise of mass communication media.During the ten years from 1939 to 1949,Kangshu launched over 50 newspapers and periodicals,developing a news industry with a significant scale and readership,which highlighted the unique trajectory of its news industry's emergence and development.This uniqueness is evident in its particularly lengthy gestation process and the fact that external forces—especially the War against Japanese Aggression and the establishment of Xikang Province—played a key role in its explosive growth.However,most newspapers and periodicals in Kangshu were published by government agencies,with privately-run newspapers struggling to survive,reflecting the industry's passivity and singularity.The imbalanced development of Kangshu's news industry is also notable,with 99%of its publications produced in Kangding.The prosperity of Kangding's news industry failed to create a ripple effect,leaving other areas without a comparable development in press publications.
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