On the Governance of the Qing Dynasty's Border Regions
Rulers of all dynasties regarded the saying in the Book of Rites as a guiding principle for governing in the border ethnic areas,that is"To cultivate education and to unify governance,is not to change customs and habits".The Qing Dynasty was no exception.In governing the border regions,the court in the early Qing Dynasty employed the strategy of governing according to customs,to incorporate the border regions into the territory,achieving the rare historical pattern of the"Great Unity"and reflecting the wisdom of compromise in governance.In the mid-Qing period,with stability established in the border regions,the court gradually devised the strategy of"cultivating education and unifying governance",developing a holistic view on governance of both the border regions and the interior regions.This involved the penetration of central authority into border regions,achieving the integrated development of this country's local cultivation and governance and reaching the goal of maintaining local stability.This ideology of governing,along with its stage-by-stage practice,were the core logic of the Qing Dynasty's borderland policies.The Qing Dynasty achieved"cultivate education and unify governance"through"governing according to customs".It should be said that the former was the goal,and the latter was the bridge over which to achieve the goal.This governance logic was mutually supportive and formed a grand strategy known as"Qing Dynasty Solution",representing valuable historical experience in border governance during the Qing Dynasty.If we adopt a long-term view to rethink borderland governance during Qing Dynasty,we will find that the"Qing Dynasty Solution"holds a significant position in Chinese history,and it deserves further in-depth summary.
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