Value Critique and Social Transformation:The Path and Practice of Hans-Ulrich Wehler's Social History
Hans-Ulrich Wehler is one of the most influential historians in German politics and society after World War Ⅱ,as well as the founder of the"Bielefeld School".In the analysis of Otto von Bismarck and German imperialism,Wehler demonstrated the basic path of social history research of the Bielefeld School,breaking away from the traditional German historiography of interpreting Bismarck and the Second Empire through the lenses of national rationality,idealism,and historicism.Instead of following the old interpretation of"diplomatic first",he employed a new approach of"domestic first",which is more focused on economic development,industrialization,political structure and social conditions,treating them as the fundamental driving forces behind Bismarck's policies and his imperialist ideas.In the analysis of the Second Reich,Wehler employed the long-term origin theory and structural analysis,showing strong political education and value guidance,which provoked heated discussions.Wehler's research on social history is an important part of German critical reflection on Nazism after World War Ⅱ.It is also a significant expression and achievement of the adjustment of social values and academic modernization in the post-war Federal Republic of Germany.Wehler has left a rich intellectual legacy for future generations through his academic thoughts,public engagement,and academic attitude.
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