Educational research methods,distinct from substantive tools,benefit from questioning their ontological relationship to the world,the validation of knowledge,and the assumptions of the researcher,aiding in understanding their legitimacy.Based on the"assumptions",three distinct methodological approaches can be delineated.The empirical approach divides the educational world into phenomena and essence,facts and laws,with researchers pursuing knowledge of the essence and laws of education,adopting an observational stance and contemplative approach;the conceptual approach focuses on the"human-made world",with researchers constructing knowledge through conceptual frameworks,transcending reality to devise ideal visions;the meaningful approach disrupts the dichotomy and static ontology of the world,focusing on the fluid,changing real world,where researchers are practitioners,engaging with the real world and using themselves as mirrors to explore the meaning of education.The empirical and conceptual approaches can coexist harmoniously,facilitating collaborative research;however,the meaningful approach often conflicts with the other two,making their simultaneous application in research challenging.
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