In the mid-17th century,the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan declared a policy of national seclusion,expelling the Portuguese merchants who had previously traded in Japan.Nevertheless,the Shogun allowed the Dutch to remain on the islands to engage in trade with Japan.Following the seclusion policy,the trade between the Dutch and Japan went through prosperity and decline.In the late 17th century,the Dutch were already familiar with the trading patterns in the Japanese market,and despite the seclusion policy,the trade between the Dutch and Japan maintained its peak.As the 18th century approached,due to the instabilities of both sides,and the trade between them began to decline.In order to preserve their easternmost commercial foothold,the Dutch actively engaged in diplomatic activities with Japan.In the early 19th century,both the Dutch and Japanese were confronted with shifts in the global landscape,which lead to trade crises and the eventual decline.
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