The Goals and Institutional Choices for Common Prosperity—A Study on Distributive Justice Principles
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that Chinese path to modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people.There is an in-depth discussion among Chinese academia on what is common prosperity and what are the institutional foundations and specific goals of common prosperity.The fact is that distribution justice is the theoretic and institutional basis of common prosperity.Therefore,the first step of promoting common prosperity is to build a just distributive system,including free market system,just tax system,social security system,public education system,and charity system.On the specific goals of common prosperity,first,if in a society there're still some people's basic needs have not been satisfied,it cannot be considered as a society that has achieved common prosperity.Therefore,the resources that are necessities of people's basic life should be distributed according to people's need.These resources include necessary food,clothes,medicine and diagnosis,primary school and middle school education,etc.Second,a common prosperous society should not allow the intergenerational transmission of poverty.The social mobility should be improved.Therefore,the distribution of scarce resource,such as high-quality education resource,good jobs,reputations and prizes,should maintain the equal opportunity for different social members.This requires us to build and maintain a fair play system in the whole society.In this system,future is open to talents,and the disadvantages of natural and social endowments will be compensated.Third,the key of promoting common prosperity lies in improving the living prospects of the least advantaged.If they cannot benefit from the social cooperation,then this social cooperation is not just.Therefore,we should take the low-income groups as the object of observation and the effort should be made to improve their life prospects with various distributive policies.Above all,we can adopt three principles proposed in contemporary research to realize a common prosperous society.(1)Distribute necessities according to people's basic needs;(2)Distribute scarce resource according to the principle of equality of fair opportunity;(3)Adopt differences principle,to guarantee that the life prospect of low-income groups continues to improve.The first principle was proposed by Karl Marx,and the second and the third principles were proposed by John Rawls.On the basis of distributive justice,we can promote institutional reform in three aspects.(1)Promote a homogeneous social security system that covers the entire population(necessities are distributed according to needs);(2)Build a cross-regional and high-quality public education(equal opportunities for scarce resources);(3)On the premise of fully utilizing the resource allocation function of market economy,reduce the wealth gap into a certain range(following the principle of difference).These three aspects are the specific goals of achieving common prosperity and also the normative indicators for judging whether a society has achieved common prosperity.
Distributive justiceCommon prosperityDistribution according to needEqual opportunityWealth gap
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