关于完善我国警务用枪法律制度的思考
Thoughts on Improving the Legal Framework for the Use of Police Firearms in China
刘海萍1
作者信息
- 1. 山东警察学院实战技能教研部,山东 济南 250200
- 折叠
摘要
枪支的超强杀伤力及其双刃剑性质,使得我国在警务用枪政策上一直在"限制"与"扩张"之间切换徘徊,造成相当一部分警察不会用枪、不敢用枪,给公安民警的执法活动造成不利影响.其主要原因,一是用行政法规来调控警察用枪权位阶较低;二是对开枪情形的列举式规定脱离实际,影响警察在紧急状态下的准确判断;三是开枪前的警告程序规定没有进行具体的细分;四是开枪的合法性调查制度在调查主体、调查方式等方面存在不足.因此,应提高立法位阶,制定《人民警察枪械使用法》;明确警察开枪的条件,采取"概括式+肯定+排除式"的综合立法模式,以"生命威胁""必要性"和"最小损失"原则作为开枪的基本遵循;细化完善用枪程序,确立人民检察院作为开枪后合法性调查的第三方主体,并确立"合理性"调查原则;完善枪支使用流程制度,建立系统的枪支训练机制、严格的持枪证制度和枪支认证制度,以及必要的媒体应对机制和强制性心理疏导机制等,减少枪支使用的审批环节,实现安全与效率的平衡.
Abstract
The formidable lethality and dual-edged nature of firearms have led China to vacillate between"restriction"and"expansion"in its police firearms policy.This has resulted in a significant portion of police officers being unable or hesitant to use firearms,adversely impacting law enforcement activities.The main rea-sons are as follows.Firstly,the regulation of police firearm use through administrative regulations,which are at a relatively lower level;secondly,the act of listing shooting scenarios is impractical,affecting officers'judgment in emergencies;thirdly,insufficient details in the warning procedures before firing;fourthly,short-comings in the legitimacy investigation system regarding the investigating body and methods.To address these issues,it is necessary to elevate the legislative level by enacting a"Police Firearms Use Act".This should de-fine the conditions for firearm use,adopting a comprehensive legislative model of"generalization+affirmation+exclusion",guided by the principles of"life threat","necessity",and"minimal harm".The procedures for firearm use should be refined,establishing the People's Procuratorate as the third-party investigator for post-incident legitimacy,and adopting the principle of"reasonableness"in investigations.Moreover,the firearm use process should be enhanced by implementing a systematic training mechanism,a strict firearm license and certification system,and necessary media response and mandatory psychological counseling mechanisms to streamline the firearm approval process,balancing safety and efficiency.
关键词
警务用枪/法律制度/完善Key words
police firearms/legal framework/improvement引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据