The Applications of Photocatalysis,Electrocatalysis and Biocatalysis in Mandelic Acid Synthesis
Mandelic acid is widely regarded as a valuable chiral drug intermediate and a relevant decarboxylating agent,with extensive applications.In light of the demand and trend for sustainable chemical synthesis,this paper provides a brief overview of traditional synthetic methods for mandelic acid and discusses the applications of photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and biocatalysis in its synthesis.The basic principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and biocatalysis are outlined,along with application examples,advantages,and challenges in mandelic acid synthesis.Finally,future directions and research challenges for the development of photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and biocatalysis in mandelic acid synthesis are discussed.This paper serves as a reference for the selection and optimization of catalytic methods in mandelic acid synthesis.
photocatalysiselectrocatalysisbiocatalysismandelic acid synthesissustainable chemical synthesis