摘要
产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀修复重金属污染是近年重金属污染修复领域的新方向.为了解产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀修复重金属污染的研究进展,总结了产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀固定稳定化环境中不同重金属的效率,阐述了产脲酶微生物固定稳定化不同重金属离子的机制,讨论了产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀固定稳定化重金属技术应用的局限性.产脲酶微生物通过利用肽聚糖、脂多糖、磷壁酸和胞外多糖等物质吸附重金属离子、借助细胞表面的-COOH、-OH、-CONH2、-NH2 和-SH等官能团络合重金属离子和诱导方解石沉淀、白铅矿沉淀、Ca-Cr共沉淀和羟基磷酸石转化矿化固定重金属离子等途径达到修复重金属污染环境的目的.当前,产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀修复重金属污染技术的应用仍受到NH4+积累、微生物活性受抑制和反应持续时间短等因素限制.今后需重视产脲酶微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀过程环境因子的控制、产脲酶微生物固定化技术等领域的研究.
Abstract
Urease-producing microorganisms inducing carbonate precipitation to remediate heavy metal pollution is a new direction in the field of heavy metal pollution remediation in recent years.In order to understand the research progress of urease-producing microorganisms inducing carbonate precipitation to remediate heavy metal pollution,the efficiency of urease-producing microorganisms to induce carbonate precipitation to immobilize different heavy metals in the environment was summarized,the mechanism of urease-producing microorganisms to immobilize different heavy metal ions was expounded,and the limitations of the application of urease-producing microorganisms to induce carbonate precipitation to immobilize heavy metals were discussed.Urease-producing microorganisms use substances such as peptidoglycan,lipopolysaccharide,teichoic acid and exopolysaccharide to adsorb heavy metal ions,and use functional groups such as-COOH,-OH,-CONH2,-NH2 and-SH on the cell surface to complex heavy metal ions and Inducing calcite precipitation,white lead ore precipitation,Ca-Cr co-precipitation and hydroxyphosphate conversion mineralization to fix heavy metal ions,achieving the purpose of repairing heavy metal polluted environment.At present,the application of urease-producing microorganisms to induce carbonate precipitation to remediate heavy metal pollution is still limited by factors such as NH4+accumulation,microbial activity inhibition,and the short reaction duration.In the future,it is necessary to pay attention to the regulation of environmental factors in the process of urease-producing microorganisms-induced carbonate precipitation,and the immobilization technology of urease-producing microorganisms.
维普
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