Incorporation of Nano-hydroxyapatite into PET Fiber-based Tendon Rotator Cuff Patch and Its in Vitro Biomineralization Study
The majority of commercially available artificial tendon-ligament grafts are fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate(PET)fibers as the matrix material.However,the lack of bone inductive activity in PET can lead to poor tendon-to-bone healing.This study introduces bone-promoting functional particles-nano-hydroxyapatite(nano-HAp)—as a functional component.A series of PET/HAp hybrid fibers with varying nano-HAp loading levels were prepared using nano-hybrid melt spinning technology.Subsequently,patch-shaped PET/HAp hybrid fiber-based grafts were fabricated using weaving technology.The introduction of nano-HAp into PET/HAp hybrid materials was systematically investigated regarding morphology,structure,mechanical properties,and cell compatibility.Experimental results indicate that,through twin-screw compounding granulation and co-extrusion melt spinning,a series of PET/HAp hybrid fibers with effective nano-HAp loading(0％,0.5％and 1.5％)were produced.However,due to poor compatibility with PET,the mechanical properties and crystallinity of PET/HAp fibers noticeably decreased when the nano-HAp loading level reached 1.5％.Nonetheless,the fracture strength(≥3 cN/dtex)of the prepared hybrid fibers met weaving requirements.Weaving PET/HAp hybrid fibers into patches resulted in the fracture strength((34.6±0.9)MPa)that met the mechanical strength of replacing human natural tendon tissue(rotator cuff).In vitro co-culture experiments with osteoblasts(MC3T3-El)demonstrated good cell compatibility of PET/HAp hybrid fiber-based patches(Patch).In vitro mineralization experiments revealed that the addition of nano-HAp effectively enhanced the deposition of minerals on the fiber-based patches.Among them,the patch woven from hybrid fibers with a nano-HAp loading of 1.5％(Patch-1.5)exhibited the best mineral deposition performance.Consequently,PET/HAp hybrid fibers hold promise for promoting tendon-to-bone healing in tendon-ligament repairs.
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