Microalgae-based microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are a technology that combines new energy with environmental governance by utilizing the catalytic effect of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic microorganisms.A typical microbial fuel cell consists of an anode,a cathode,and a proton exchange membrane.Microorganisms on the anode decompose and oxidize the fuel,producing electrons and protons simultaneously.Electrons can travel to the cathode via external wires,while protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode.At the cathode,electrons and protons combine with oxygen to produce water,converting chemical energy into electrical energy,thus transforming unpurified wastewater into clean drinking water and a power source.Microalgae-based MFCs have advantages such as low cost,high biomass value,high carbon dioxide sequestration rate,mild operating conditions,resistance to harmful substances,and high reaction rates,making them an efficient and sustainable process.
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