摘要
目的 研究儿童自我意识随年龄增长的变化特征及可能的影响因素.方法 对1 630个7～16岁的儿童按年龄分组,进行儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)测量和自编生活状态问卷(LCS)调查,比较自我意识量表的得分并分析其与生活状态的关系.结果 (1)小年龄组儿童的量表分男女均无统计学差异(t=1.280,P=0.202),大年龄组儿童在行为、智力与学校情况、合群、幸福与满足感及总分上,女孩得分高于男孩(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(2)在行为、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑和总分上大年龄组高于小年龄组(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).(3)小年龄组自我意识与生活状态相关性差,大年龄组相关性好,其中学习成绩、生活事件、自我评价及与父母关系与量表均有相关性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论儿童自我意识受自身成长及外界环境的影响,呈现曲线发展.
Abstract
Objective To study the developmental characteristics of children's self-consciousness changing with age and possible correlated factors. Methods 1 630 children aged 7 to 16 years old were classified into 4 groups by age, then were assessed with Piers-Harris Children's Self-Consciousness Scale (PHCSS) and Life Conditions Survey (LCS). The difference of score of PHCSS among the 4 groups was analyzed, as well as the correlation between score of PHCSS and LCS. Results (1) There was no significant gender difference in score of PHCSS in low-age group (t = 1. 280, P = 0. 202). However, sub-scores of girls on behavior (t = -4. 713, P =0.000), intelligence & school conditions (t = -2.351, P =0.019), gregariousness (t = -5.602, P=0.000), happiness & satisfaction (t= -2. 116, P=0.035) and the total score (t = - 3. 456, P = 0.001) were significantly higher than those of boys in high - age group. (2 ) Sub-scores of behavior (F=4. 008, P =0.007) , physical appearance & attributes (F = 2. 989, P =0.030), anxiety (F = 14.802, P=0.000) and total score (F = 2.654, P=0.047) in high-age group were significantly higher than those in low-age group. (3) There was a low correlation between score of PHCSS and score of LCS in low-age group, but a high correlation in high-age group, especially on life events (r = - 0. 469, P = 0.000), self-evaluation (r=0.310, P = 0.003) , et al. Conclusion Children's self - consciousness was affected by its own development and the external environment. It displays a curve developmental trajectory.
NETL
NSTL
维普
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