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国家公园内自然资源用途管制补偿问题研究

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我国在推动以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设中,部分自然资源用途管制措施会造成私人财产的特别牺牲,公民的私有财产理应得到公平补偿.但目前国家公园建设中存在土地权属不明晰,自然资源用途管制制度的样态体系设计不合理,以及管制性补偿的环境法规定单薄、粗放的问题,导致补偿的各个环节遭遇困境.通过对现实问题的省思与试点探索经验总结,国家公园内通过设立保护地役权有望纾解土地权属不清的问题,以比例性原则促管制措施减量化合理限制私人财产,并在环境法典编纂与单行立法的"国家公园法"中嵌入因自然资源用途管制造成财产权限制补偿条款,以寻求国家公园体制建设中管制补偿问题的解决路径,维护环境正义.
A Study on Natural Resource Use Control Compensation in National Parks
In China's promotion of the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the mainstay,some natural resource use control measures will result in special sacrifices of private property,and citizens'private property deserves to be fairly compensated.However,the current construction of national parks suffers from unclear land ownership,unreasonable design of the sample system of natural resource use control system,and thin and sloppy environmental law regulations of regulatory compensation,leading to difficulties in various aspects of compensation.By reflecting on the real-life problems and summarizing the experience of pilot exploration,the establishment of conservation easements in national parks is expected to alleviate the problem of unclear land ownership,promote the reduction of control measures to reasonably restrict private property with the principle of proportionality,and embed the compensation for the restriction of property rights caused by natural resource use control in the"national park law"of environmental code codification and separate legislation.In order to find a solution to the problem of regulation and compensation in the construction of national park system,and to maintain environmental justice,it is expected that the provisions of compensation for the restriction of property rights caused by natural resource use regulation will be embedded in the environmental code and the"national park law"of single legislation.

national parksnatural resource use controlcompensationconservation easements

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浙江农林大学生态文明研究院,浙江杭州 311300

国家公园 自然资源用途管制 补偿 保护地役权

2024

山东林业科技
山东省林科院 山东林学会

山东林业科技

影响因子:0.298
ISSN:1002-2724
年,卷(期):2024.54(1)
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