In order to improve the safety of the coupler buffer device of railway wagons and reduce the impact of cracks and fractures of the coupler buffer device on the freight of railway wagons,the faults and treatment methods of the coupler buffer device of railway wagons were studied.The components of the coupler buffer device of railway wagons and the causes of different faults are analyzed in detail.And in view of the fault problems of the coupler buffer device of railway wagons,the poor treatment method of coupler unlocking,the crack treatment method of hook tail pin,the treatment method of hook tongue crack or fracture,and the abrasion treatment method of locking iron and locking pin composition are designed to realize the fault treatment of railway wagon coupler buffer device.Through practical application,it is found that this treatment method can effectively reduce the crack width at different crack positions in the coupler buffer device of railway wagons,so as to improve the safety of the coupler buffer device.