In this study,the key technological breakthroughs and material innovations in the field of friction materials in recent years were first reviewed,and then the microstructure and properties of selected typical friction materials were analyzed by advanced characterization methods,and the interaction mechanism between friction interfaces was analyzed from the microscopic level.This effort can provide scientific guidance and theoretical support for the design and improvement of friction materials.This move can effectively improve the overall performance of friction materials,reduce energy consumption and vehicle noise,while reducing harmful substances emissions,and contribute to the sustainable development of related fields.