The purpose of this paper is to explore the common types of asphalt pavement of expressway and its causes,and to put forward the corresponding maintenance countermeasures and prevention measures.Through the detailed analysis of crack diseases,deformation diseases and loose diseases,this paper summarizes the effective maintenance countermeasures,including improving the quality control of raw materials,enhancing the strength of the roadbed,strengthening the quality control in the construction process and strengthening the maintenance management in the later stage.The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for improving the service life of highway asphalt pavement.