Three-dimensional(3D)-printing technology is based on a digital model and 3D-printed structures from powdered metal or other materials printed layer by layer.The application of 3D-printing-technology in the medical field,combined with advanced imaging technology and artificial intelligence,facilitates clinical teaching,preoperative planning,and doctor-patient communica-tion,and enhances tissue and organ repair and reconstruction.The nasal anatomy is fine,the adjacent structure is complex,the indi-vidual differences are evident,and the operation is difficult.With the improvement of quality of life,the demand for defect repair caused by rhinoplasty and other diseases have increased gradually,and conventional surgery cannot fully satisfy various needs.The combination of 3D-printing and various technologies is consistent with this trend and has become a hot topic in rhinology and other disciplines in recent years.Therefore,this review summarizes the 3D-printing technology methods in this research direction,and presents recent progress in rhinology in nasal reconstruction and plastic surgery,3D-printing nasal bones,postoperative tissue recon-struction,improvement of nasal ventilation function,assisted surgery,teaching and anatomical training,and drug delivery.Further-more,future research directions and prospects for practical applications are highlighted.
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