The naso-orbito-ethmoid(NOE)is located at the intersection of multiple bones in the middle of the face.Its structure is complex and the probability of its fracture alone is very low.It often co-occurs with other facial fractures,most commonly zygomatic bone fractures.The cause of NOE concurrent with zygomatic bone fractures is often high-energy blunt trauma,so it often accompany various other facial injuries.Since the NOE area and the zygomatic bone are adjacent to the orbit,a large number of ocular compli-cations can occur when NOE co-occurs with zygomatic bone fractures.The incidence of mild complications is relatively high,while the incidence of severe complications is low.The complications of concurrent fractures that involve mainly the NOE area are mainly tissue injuries close to the medial side,such as an excessive medial canthal distance.The complications of concurrent fractures main-ly involving zygomatic bone are mainly tissue injuries close to the lateral side,such as limited eye movement.Concurrent fractures in both the NOE area and the zygomatic bone are often accompanied by serious complications such as blindness and cranial injury.The main mechanism of NOE concurrent with zygomatic bone fractures is that the energy from the impact point spreads along the vertical and horizontal pillars of the middle part of the face to the surrounding areas of the middle pillar,and the energy gradually attenuates with increasing propagation distance.During the energy propagation process,the sinuses can absorb some energy through deforma-tion and fracture,thus providing a certain protective effect on the skull and eyeball.
Naso-orbito-ethmoid fractureZygomatic bone fractureAnatomyComplicationsMechanism
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