Personality refers to a complex combination of behavior,cognition and emotion related to biological and environmental factors.Personality traits are important criteria for distinguishing different personalities,which are characterized by personality stability and personality change across the life span.Cognitive function refers to all of the different mental abilities,including learning,thinking,reasoning,memory,problem solving,decision making,and attention.The study of the correlation and neural mechanism between personality traits and cognitive function has made many progresses to prompt the understanding the relationship between personality traits and cognitive function,predicting personal development and growth,and preventing,diagnosing and treating potential diseases.