Systematic evaluation of antibacterial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral halitosis
Objective To explore the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy(aPDT)for the treatment of oral halitosis.Methods To address the question of whether aPDT or aPDT combined with a tongue scraper(TS)was more effective than using a tongue scraper alone for the treatment of oral halitosis,an unrestricted language search was con-ducted on all literature in PubMed and Cochrane libraries from the beginning to February 29,2024,using oral halitosis,oral malodor,bad breath,PDT or photodynamic inactivation or photodynamic therapy.Exclusion criteria included:non-human experiments,in vitro studies,duplicated literature,those with unavailable data,and OralChromeTMwas not used as a measurement instrument for reviews,case reports,or experimental protocols.Results Eight randomized controlled trials were included.After data extraction and processing,it was found that aPDT or aPDT+TS had better effects than TS in reducing H2 S concentration immediately after halitosis treatment.Another research report showed that the bacterial load decreased after aPDT treatment,while the bacterial load increased after TS treatment,indicating that aPDT had a stronger effect on oral microbiota than TS.Conclusion aPDT or aPDT+TS is effective in treating oral halitosis,but more rigorous experiments and further research are needed to explore the clinical effects of aPDT on oral halitosis at dif-ferent time intervals.
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