China's Social Insurance System:Reform Practices,Path Deviations,and System Optimization An Evaluation Report on the Implementation of the Social Insurance Law
The Social Insurance Law has established the foundational legal framework for the operation of China's social insurance system.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,there has been a strong emphasis on ensuring that development benefits are shared more widely and equitably among all people,driving the rapid and comprehensive growth of social insurance.However,the system remains underdeveloped.A core issue is that,during the initial phase of reform,there was an overreliance on the World Bank's recommendations and certain liberal ideologies,leading to the inclusion of privatization elements(such as individual accounts)and market-based approaches(such as"pay more,get more"incentive mechanisms and flat-rate premium contributions)into the basic pension and medical insurance systems.These inherent flaws have resulted in path deviations and rigid policies,causing low-quality development and rapidly increasing systemic risks.Under the guidance of the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee,there is an urgent need to adopt goal-oriented and problem-focused approaches that clarify misunderstandings,refine the underlying logic,and adhere to objective laws to achieve genuine innovation while maintaining fundamental principles.Reforms should be prioritized and sequenced,moving away from superficial fixes that fail to address root causes.Instead,efforts should focus on correcting path deviations,rebalancing interest structures,and advancing institutional restructuring and optimization,alongside adaptive adjustments aligned with the development needs of the new era,to promote the rational institutionalization and high-quality development of social insurance.
social insurancereform practicespath deviationinstitutional optimization
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