为了了解高体雅罗鱼(Leuciscus idus)胚胎发育的规律，以额尔齐斯河中的野生高体雅罗鱼为亲本，通过人工授精获得受精卵，对其胚胎发育的时序和各个时期的特征进行了观察、详细描述、记录和分析。研究结果表明，在水温为(13。34±0。14)℃条件下，高体雅罗鱼的胚胎历经234 h 20 min出膜，共需积温3 136。36 ℃ h;高体雅罗鱼的胚胎发育过程经历了受精卵期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化期共7个时期(进一步细分为26个时期);其中，孵化期所需要的积温最多，其次为器官形成期，囊胚期、卵裂期、神经胚期、原肠期、受精卵期所需要的积温依次减少;历经96 h，出膜仔鱼的眼、消化道、鳃盖等器官完全形成，已经可以开口摄食，但是，此时为内源性和外源性营养混合吸收的方式，直到第5天，卵黄囊被吸收完毕，仔鱼的营养吸收方式完全转变为外源性营养吸收方式。在早期的生长和发育过程中，高体雅罗鱼的仔鱼能够通过食物来源的快速转变、器官的快速发育等一系列生理变化，增强自身对环境的适应能力，提高自身的成活率。因此，深入研究高体雅罗鱼早期发育时期的生物学特性，对于提高其苗种成活率和未来进一步开展该物种的人工繁育工作具有重要意义。
Observation on Development of Embryonic and Larval of Leuciscus idus in Irtysh River
In order to understand the law of embryonic development of Leuciscus idus,the wild population was used as the parent,and the fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial insemination.The time sequence of embryonic development and the characteristics of each stage were observed,described,recorded and analyzed in detail.The results showed that under the condition of 13.34 ℃ water temperature,the embryos of Leuciscus idus underwent 234 h and 20 min of hatching,requiring the total accumulated temperature of 3 136.36 ℃·h.The embryonic development of Leuciscus idus has undergone 7 stages(further subdivided into 26 stages),including germinal,cleavage,blastocyst,gastrula,neural,organ formation and incubation stages.Among them,the accumulated temperature required in incubation stage was the most,followed by the organ formation stage,and the accumulated temperature needed in the blastocyst,cleavage,thneural,gastrula stage,and the germinal stage decreased in turn;after 96 h,the eye,digestive tract,gill lid and other organs of larvae in hatching were fully formed,and the mouth had been opened for feeding;however,at this time,it was the mode of mixed absorption of endogenous and exogenous nutrients,until the 5th day,the yolk sac was absorbed,and completely converted into exogenous nutrient absorption mode.In the early growth and development process,Leuciscus idus could enhance their adaptability to the environment and improve the survival rate through a series of physiological changes,such as the rapid transformation of food sources and rapid development of organs.Therefore,in-depth research on the biological characteristics of Leuciscus idus during their early development stage of great significance for improving the survival rate of its seeds and further carrying out the artificial breeding of this species in the future.
Leuciscus idusartificial reproductionembryofish larvaedevelopmentIrtysh River
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