Current Status of Alien Plants in 33 National Wetland Parks in Shandong Province
To understand the current status of alien plant species in 33 national wetland parks across 9 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province through which Yellow River flows,the taxonomy,source of origin,degree of invasion of alien plants in 33 parks from June to September 2022 were studied,using the transect and quadrat method,and collecting relevant literature.The results showed that a total of 196 species of exotic plants,belonging to 136 genera and 57 families,were recorded in these parks,accounting for 12.90％of the total plant species,76 species were already invasive species.Of these,81 species originated from North America and 55 from other Asian countries;150 species was introduced intentionally into these parks,of which 43 had not yet naturalized,escaped,or invaded.Annual plants(72 species)and perennial plants(95 species)constituted the majority of alien plants.The top six parks with the highest number of invasive species were Shandong Siheyuan National Wetland Park(44 species),Shandong Weishan Lake National Wetland Park(37 species),Shandong Jixi National Wetland Park(34 species),Shandong Dongming Yellow River National Wetland Park(33 species),Shandong Caoxian Yellow River Ancient Route National Wetland Park(33 species),and Shandong Yellow River Rose Lake National Wetland Park(30 species).The seriously invasive species Ipomoea nil,Amaranthus viridis,Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus lividus were distributed in 33 parks of all 9 cities.The distribution frequencies of the malignant invasive species such as Pharbitis purpurea,Amaranthus retroflexus,Erigeron canadensis,Eichhornia crassipes,Symphyotrichum subulatum and Erigeron annuus were greater than 50％.Therefore,relevant management departments in Shandong province should prevent and control invasive plants in the 33 national wetland parks to reduce the harms they caused to the natural environments and human.
exotic plantsinvasionnational wetland parkShandong province
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