Impacts of Human Activities and Climate Change on Wetland Landscape Pattern of the Nine Major Plateau Lake Basins in Yunnan Province
Wetlands are unique ecosystems with multiple functions on Earth,and they are one of the most important environmental resources for humans.Under the influence of human activities and climate change,the fragmentation of wetland landscapes has intensified,landscape diversity has decreased,and the pattern of landscape ecological security is facing a crisis.Therefore,revealing the impact and mechanism of human activities and climate change on the spatiotemporal evolution of wetland landscape patterns is of great significance for the protection,rational planning,and scientific management of wetlands.Taking the nine major plateau lake basins in Yunnan Province(hereinafter referred to as the nine lake basins)as the study area,based on the analysis of spatial distribution pattern and spatiotemporal evolution laws of wetland landscapes,gray correlation analysis was used to explore the main driving forces influencing the evolution of wetland landscape patterns.The results showed that from 1990 to 2020,the wetland area in the nine lake basins generally showed a fluctuating increase trend,among them,the area of lake wetlands remained basically stable,while the area of marsh wetlands changed significantly,mainly converted into cultivated lands.In the past 30 years,the landscape characteristics of wetlands in the nine lake basins have changed in stages.From 1990 to 1995,the aggregation of wetlands was obvious,and the connectivity between patches increased.From 1995 to 2005,the wetland landscape presented a slight fragmentation trend,and the shape of the wetland landscape began to develop towards irregularity.From 2005 to 2015,the fragmentation of wetlands in the basins intensified,and the patches became increasingly scattered.After 2015,the trend of wetland fragmentation was alleviated.The wetland landscape pattern in the nine lakes basin was affected by both human activities and climate change,but there were significant differences in the main influencing factors among different lakes.In lake basins dominated by human and natural factors(such as the Dianchi Lake)and lake basins dominated by natural factors(such as the Yilong Lake,the Lugu Lake,the Qilu Lake,the Xingyun Lake,the Yangzonghai Lake and the Chenghai Lake),rainfall was the main driving force for the evolution of wetland landscapes,followed by temperature.However,in lake basins dominated by human factors(such as the Fuxian Lake and the Erhai Lake),population size was the key driving force for the evolution of wetland landscapes.
nine major plateau lake basins in Yunnan Provincewetland landscape patternhuman activitiesclimate changedriving factors
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