洱海流域生态网络构建与分析
Construction and Analysis of Ecological Network in the Erhai Lake Basin
杨迈 1郑毅 2李晓琳 3欧朝蓉 4杨秀彪 1孙仕仙1
作者信息
- 1. 西南林业大学云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,云南昆明 650233
- 2. 云南开放大学,云南昆明 650032
- 3. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650233
- 4. 西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院,云南昆明 650233
- 折叠
摘要
随着城市化活动的加剧,高原湖泊流域生态用地正遭受严重破坏,合理构建高原湖泊流域生态网络,可为流域生物多样性保护及可持续发展与管理提供科学依据.基于形态学空间格局分析模型(MSPA)和最小阻力模型(MCR),分析洱海流域景观格局的变化特征,建立多个角度的生态阻力基面,识别生态源地;通过斑块重要性指数和景观连通性指数,提取生态廊道,构建洱海流域的景观生态网络.研究结果表明,2000-2022年,洱海流域的核心区分布和面积不断变化;2022年,核心区面积在所有类型的景观要素中占比最高,为84.77％,其中林地在核心区面积中占比最高,其次为水域和草地,但是南部核心区斑块基本消失;通过斑块重要性指数识别出洱海流域有一级生态源地4个,二级生态源地1个,一般生态源地5个;提取出15条重要生态廊道,主要分布在洱海流域西北部、东部和中部,合并重建了多个潜在生态廊道;洱海流域综合阻力北部低南部高,中部高四周低,生态廊道空间分布不均且结构单一;洱海流域重要生态廊道由北部生态源地向南扩散,以维持南北间景观的连通性;洱海流域景观格局的动态变化与人类活动关系密切,大规模旅游开发和城乡规划建设是导致生态阻力变化和转移的原因.建议在生态建设规划中加强对重要生态廊道、核心生境斑块以及周边生态环境的保护,增加重要生态源地,修复生态断裂点,优化景观网络连接,增强洱海流域的生态功能.
Abstract
Intensifying urbanization activities have severely encroached the ecological land of the plateau lake basins.In this context,rational establishment of ecological networks in plateau lake basins will serve as scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem management.Using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis Model(MSPA)and Minimum Resistance Model(MCR),this study analyzed the landscape patterns and changes in the Erhai Lake basin,established the ecological resistance base from multiple perspectives,and identified the ecological sources in the Erhai Lake basin.Base on the calculation of patch importance index and landscape connectivity index,the ecological corridors were extracted and the landscape ecological network of the Erhai Lake basin was constructed.The results showed that the distribution and sizes of the core areas in the Erhai Lake basin had undergone constant changes from 2000 to 2022.In 2022,the core area of the Erhai Lake basin accounted for 84.77％which was the highest among all landscape element types,and forest had the largest share,followed by water surface and grassland,while the plaques in the southern part of the Erhai Lake basin largely disappeared.By calculating the patch importance index,4 primary ecological sources,1 secondary ecological source and 5 general ecological sources were identified in the Erhai Lake basin.Moreover,15 important ecological corridors were extracted,and mainly distributed in the northwestern,eastern,and central parts of the Erhai Lake basin,and several potential ecological corridors were reconstructed.The comprehensive resistance values were lower in the northern areas but higher in the southern areas,and higher in the central areas yet lower in the peripheral areas.The spatial distribution of ecological corridors was uneven,and the structure was monotonous.The important ecological corridors of the Erhai Lake basin spread from the northern ecological sources to the south to maintain the landscape connectivity.The dynamic changes of landscape patterns in the Erhai Lake basin were closely associated with anthropogenic activities.The alteration and shift of ecological resistance were attributable to the large-scale tourism development and urban and rural construction.We proposed to strengthen the protection of important ecological corridors,core habitat plaques as well as surrounding ecological environment in the process of ecological construction planning,and increase important ecological sources,repair ecological fracture points,optimize landscape network connection,to enhance the ecological function of the Erhai Lake basin.
关键词
洱海流域/景观生态/生态源地/MSPA模型/MCR模型/生态网络Key words
the Erhai Lake basin/landscape ecology/ecological source/MSPA model/MCR model/ecological network引用本文复制引用
基金项目
云南省"万人计划"青年拔尖人才专项(80201442)
国家自然科学基金(41867027)
云南省博士后科研基金(第四批)(321801)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据