Population Dynamic of Wintering Black-necked Cranes Grus nigricollis at Dashanbao National Nature Reserve,Yunnan
Population dynamic monitoring is essential for assessing conservation effectiveness and determining specific protecting measures.Listed as Ramsar wetland in 2004,Dashanbao National Nature Reserve is one of the biggest wintering and staging site of the Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis along its eastern flyway from northern Sichuan province to northeastern Yunnan and adjacent Guizhou province.We reviewed population dynamic of the bird at Dashanbao nature reserve from 2005 to 2022,analyzed relationships between population fluctuation with two wetland protecting measurements of wetland restoration and relocation.We found significant population growth from 1 065 in 2005 to 2 260 in 2022,with sharp increase occurred in the last three years.We recorded more birds in the early and late winter period and lower population in midwinter since cranes may scatter to other wintering sites around.Four roosts of Dahaizi,Xiaohaiba,Changhuikou and Yinjiabei were recorded at Dashanbao reserve.Nearly sixty percent of cranes roosted in shallow water of Dahaizi lake.Since 2015,Dashanbao reserve carried out an 8-year-lasting wetland compensation project,including two measures of restoring farmland to wetland and relocate residents from the reserve to other places.Totally,699 hm2 farmland was converted to wetlands and nearly 8 000 people were persuaded to moved out of the reserve at the end of 2020.After the first 4-year wetland compensation project,we found elevated population recruitment of 5.00％during 2016-2019,compared with yearly recruitment of 2.18％before,and higher population recruitment of 15.43％during the period of 2019-2022 when the second 4-year wetland compensation project and the relocation project finished.Pearson correlation analysis also documented low positive correlation in 2005-2018(r2005-2018=0.62)and high negative correlation(2018-2022)between crane and local people population.Through long-term population dynamic analysis,we documented that flagship plateau wetland species of black-necked cranes could benefit from wetland increase and residents'emigration.
black-necked Cranepopulationecological compensationecological migrationDashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve,Yunnan
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