基于生境适宜性的天津市湿地水鸟生态安全格局构建与优化
Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern for Waterbirds in Tianjin Wetland based on Habitat Suitability
邹萍秀 1高子炜 1曹磊 2李洪远 3Bruce C Anderson2
作者信息
- 1. 国家建筑工程技术研究中心,中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京 100013
- 2. 天津大学建筑学院,天津 300072
- 3. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津 300071
- 折叠
摘要
天津市作为渤海湾重要的湿地区域,同时也是陆海系统交互胁迫的敏感区域,全球气候变暖与人类开发活动导致湿地生态系统服务受损、生态网络格局紊乱、水鸟安全保障空间萎缩等生态安全重大问题.以天津市湿地水鸟为研究对象,从"物种-生境-修复"视角出发,根据生境适宜性识别选取生态源地,基于生境适宜性评价结果,修正基本阻力面,并利用最小累积阻力模型,提取生态廊道,构建出天津市湿地水鸟生态安全格局.研究结果表明,天津水鸟生态源地的总面积为2 695.06 km2,占全市总面积的21.05%,主要分布在滨海新区、宝坻区、蓟州区、宁河区和静海区等区域;以勺状分布的关键生态廊道共有120条,主要沿源地和河流水系分布,保障了天津市水鸟生态源地之间的连通;对所识别的源地和生态廊道进行总体规划,提出构建水鸟活动生态廊道、建立水鸟活动保护热点、设立水鸟活动重点保护地块等策略,宏观上形成"两屏三带六区多点"的湿地水鸟生态安全格局.基于生境适宜性的源地识别,以及利用生境适宜性结果修正基本阻力面的方法,综合考虑了湿地水鸟生态安全格局构建中生态过程的重要性,为解决天津市湿地水鸟生态安全保障问题提供了现实路径和科学指引.
Abstract
Tianjin,as a crucial wetland area in the Bohai Bay region and a sensitive zone under the dual pressures of land-sea interaction,faces significant ecological security challenges exacerbated by global climate change and human development activities,including the degradation of wetland ecosystem services,disruption of ecological network patterns,and the shrinking of safe habitats for waterbirds.This study focus on wetland waterbirds in Tianjin,adopts a"species-habitat-restoration"perspective to identify ecological source areas based on habitat suitability.By using habitat suitability evaluation results,the initial resistance surface is modified.And ecological corridors were extracted using the least-cost resistance model to construct the ecological security pattern for waterbirds in the wetlands of Tianjin City.The results indicate that the total area of waterbird ecological source in Tianjin's wetland is 2 695.06 km2,accounting for 21.05%of the city's total area,mainly distributed in Binhai New Area,Baodi District,Jizhou District,Ninghe District and Jinghai District.A total of 120 key ecological corridors,with a spoon-shaped distribution,are mainly located along the source areas and river systems,ensuring the connectivity between the waterbirds habitats in Tianjin City.A comprehensive plan for the identified source areas and ecological corridors is proposed,including strategies for constructing ecological corridors for waterbird activities,establishing waterbird activity protection hotspots,and designating of key protected plots for waterbird activities.Macroscopically,this forms a wetland waterbird ecological security pattern of"two screens,three corridors,six areas and multiple points".The approach of identifing source areas based on habitat suitability and modifying the basic resistance surface through habitat suitability results comprehensively considers the significance of ecological processes in the construction of the wetland waterbird ecological security pattern.This study provides a practical pathway and scientific guidance for solving the problem of wetland waterbird ecological security in Tianjin City.
关键词
生态安全格局/生境适宜性/最小累积阻力模型/水鸟/天津市Key words
ecological security pattern/habitat suitability/minimum cumulative resistance model/waterbird/Tianjin City引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据