湿地鸟类多样性是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分。2022年2月至2023年3月，采用样点法和样线法，对安徽颍上八里河省级自然保护区湖泊生境、农田生境、防护林生境和库塘生境的鸟类进行调查，采用多维度多样性指数，对鸟类群落时空格局进行分析。研究结果表明，共记录到鸟类138种共35 838只，其中国家一级重点保护鸟类2种，国家二级重点保护鸟类15种;世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录(IUCN Red List of Threat-ened Species)极危物种1种，易危物种5种。春季4种生境的鸟类多样性之间差异显著，夏季农田生境中鸟类多维度多样性指数较高，秋季湖泊生境物种丰富度指数(38。00)、功能丰富度指数(128。64)和系统发育多样性指数(1 264。71)都最高，冬季物种丰富度指数(39。67)、功能丰富度指数(69。30)和系统发育多样性指数(1 254。96)在湖泊生境中显著高于其他3种生境。在湖泊生境中，秋季Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2。32)、分类学多样性指数(67。53)、功能丰富度指数(128。64)和系统发育多样性指数(1 264。71)最高，冬季物种丰富度指数(39。67)和总个体数(17 592只)最高。在农田生境中，鸟类物种丰富度指数(28。33)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2。77)、功能丰富度指数(48。81)和系统发育多样性指数(976。28)在夏季最高，冬季最低;防护林生境中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2。44)、Simpson多样性指数(0。89)和Pielou均匀度指数(0。86)在秋季显著高于其他3种季节。在库塘生境中，物种丰富度(19。67)冬季最高，春季最低。在保护区单次调查中观测到红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)和普通鸬鹚(Phala-crocorax carbo)均超3 000只，超过东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线该物种种群数量的1%，达到国际重要湿地标准。调查发现安徽新记录物种长尾鸭(Clangula hyemalis)和鹊鸭(Bucephala clangula)。安徽颍上八里河省级自然保护区为鸟类特别是水鸟提供了良好的觅食和栖息环境，是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上重要的停歇地和越冬地。
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Bird Diversity in Anhui Yingshang Balihe Provincial Nature Reserve
Bird diversity is an important component of wetland ecosystems.From February 2022 to March 2023,bird surveys were conducted in four habitats(lake,farmland,shelterbelt,and pond)of Anhui Yingshang Balihe Provincial Nature Reserve using sample point and line transects.Multidimensional diversity was ap-plied to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of avian communities.Throughout this period,the park hosted 138 distinct bird species,totaling 35 838 individuals.Among these,2 species was designated under the Nation-al Key Protected Wildlife Category Ⅰ and 15 under Category Ⅱ,1 critically endangered species and 5 vulnera-ble species listed on the IUCN Red List.According to the analysis,there were significant differences in bird diversity among the four types of habitats in spring,the multidimensional diversity of bird species was higher in the farmland habitat during summer.Lake habitats had their highest species richness(38.00),functional richness(128.64),and phylogenetic diversity(1 264.71)in autumn,the species richness(39.67),functional richness(69.30),and phylogenetic diversity(1 254.96)of lake habitats were significantly higher than those of other habitats in winter.In different habitats,the Shannon-Wiener index(2.32),taxonomic diversity(67.53),functional richness(128.64),and phylogenetic diversity(1 264.71)exhibited peak values in the lake habitat during autumn,while species richness(39.67)and the number of individuals(17 592)reached their zenith in winter.Within the farmland habitat,avian species richness(28.33),Shannon-Wiener index(2.77),functional richness(48.81),and phylogenetic diversity(976.28)attained their highest levels in summer and lowest in winter.Notably,the Shannon-Wiener index(2.44),Simpson index(0.89),and Pielou index(0.86)in the shel-ter forest were markedly elevated during autumn compared to the other three seasons.Meanwhile,species richness(19.67)was maximal in winter and minimal in spring within the pond habitat.The observation in the reserve during a single survey revealed that both the Common Pochard and the Great Cormorant exceeded 3 000 individuals,surpassing 1％of the population of these species along the East Asia-Australia flyway,meet-ing the criteria for an internationally important wetland.Additionally,the survey discovered 2 new records,the Long-tailed Duck and the Common Goldeneye,in Anhui.Anhui Yingshang Balihe Provincial Nature Re-serve provided an excellent foraging and habitat environment for birds,particularly waterbirds,serving as a crucial stopover and wintering site along the East Asia-Australia flyway.
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