摘要
雍正登极恩诏中并无特开恩科之款,特开登极恩科是在此后另行专诏颁布.雍正开创登极恩科,提高、扩大恩诏科举广额的名数和范围,和他继位之初与宗室诸王的党争及其在八旗中的势力不占优势有关.此举旨在借助民人尤其是汉人的力量来稳固统治.雍正七年以孔庙庆云恩诏科举广额,实则与曾静案密切相关,其目的亦在于此.凡此皆与雍正朝用人行政和权力结构中的"重用汉人"相似.由于登极大典的至高礼仪规格和覃恩条款的极强延续性,雍正开创的登极恩科且恩诏科举广额,作为皇权的礼仪性缘饰,被后世继统之君援用,成为清代科举的新传统.恩诏科举广额的其他恩例,在雍正以降或遭取消废止、或被降低规格,清代恩诏科举广额的恩例由此形成鲜明的等级体系.在清代的制度和政治变革中,"雍正改制"或可作为一个独立的制度史时段.
Abstract
The present paper,intensively discussing Emperor Yongzheng's reform of civil service examination,in which an increasing number of candidates could pass the exam thanks to the emperor's special favor,con-cludes that this institutional endeavor was actually an embodiment of the emperor's reliance on Han Chi-nese in improving Qing's governance and exactly for this reason Yongzheng reign should be treated as an independent phase in the history of civil service examination.
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