摘要
东汉初年,中国历史上首次出现大批士人隐逸,其背后蕴含皇权消长、政局波动、天命承接、个人崛起、风俗迁移等种种意涵.经历了两汉之际诸政权没有定数的竞夺,西汉士人带着谁是"猎者"的困惑,开始处理其与东汉王朝的关系.隐逸成为他们选择的一种方式.隐逸者多为西汉遗臣耆老,他们对年轻的刘秀集团并不信任,对后者建立新汉朝的合法性、对两汉承续关系多有怀疑,隐逸是他们宣示抵而不抗的一种姿态.选择出仕者与光武帝在政见上多有不合,又因谏诤而遭致排抑,唯有隐退方能保存尊严.面对众多士人的"不臣",光武恩威并施,采取"圣主不宾"的策略,以容忍隐者、鼓励守节彰显自己"明王圣主"的品质.这种政策助长了隐逸的风气,推动了个体自立潮流的泛滥,形成东汉初年一种"邦有道,亦可隐"的新观念.隐逸的正当化,既缓解了遗臣士人与光武集团的紧张关系,又使隐逸转化为东汉重建正统的思想资源."隐"由此获得了独立存在的意义.
Abstract
The present paper,delineating the early history of the Eastern Han(25-220),when a number of schol-ar-officials chose to live in seclusion as they still had doubt about the new dynasty founded by Liu Xiu,concludes that Emperor Guangwu's unusual justification of seclusion in a well-governed society not only re-lieved the tension between those who remained loyal to previous dynasty and the new governing group and successfully turned seclusion into an intellectual resource reconstructing Eastern Han's orthodoxy.
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