摘要
都察院掌院都御史司风宪要职,其身份角色、职能行使与晚明党争有着密切联系.随着晚明不同时期党局的变迁,掌院都御史的仕途进退、地缘性及其在党争中的角色都发生重大变化.首先,党争及朝局变动对掌院都御史的上任和政治境遇产生深刻影响.其次,地缘性方面,从万历年间陕西与浙江势力的对立消长,到天启年间东林与阉党之争地域性的淡化,再到崇祯年间内阁辅臣为争夺阁权以地缘关系为纽带对掌院都御史进行拉拢,长期党争造成蔓延三朝的地域势力分立.最后,在党争角色方面,都御史从被迫卷入者、调和者演变为发起者、攻击者,再变为阿附权臣者,其在党争中的"门户性"与工具性逐渐加强.随着党争规模的扩大,掌院都御史的党派化和私人化倾向明显增强,其职掌也被异化,从皇帝耳目成为党争工具.
Abstract
The present paper,dissecting the role that leading imperial censors had played in the political struggle in-volving factions of all shades in late Ming,draws such a conclusion that lasting factional strives deeply af-fected the Censorate,which should always keep a watchful eye on the health of imperial politics,and made this imperial agency regionalized in compliance with factional leaders and that finally the Censorate was turned into a tool of factional struggle.
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